Denniskjer2501

Therefore, these peptides exhibit potential application as anti-infective drugs in different areas. This review will also cover this diverse and remarkable potential. To be commercialized, however, staphylococcin production should be cost-effective and result in high bacteriocin yields, which are not generally achieved from the culture supernatant of their native producers. Such low yields make their production quite costly and not suitable at large industrial scale. Efforts already made to overcome this limitation, minimizing costs and time of production of some staphylococcins and employing either chemical synthesis or in vivo biosynthesis, will be addressed in this review as well. KEY POINTS • Staphylococci produce a variety of antimicrobial peptides known as staphylococcins. • Most staphylococcins are post-translationally modified peptides. • Staphylococcins exhibit potential biotechnological applications. Graphical abstract.L-Tyrosine is a versatile compound used in the fine chemical, pharmaceutical, and functional food industries. Here, we report a bi-enzymatic cascade involving alanine racemase (ALR) and D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) to produce pyruvate, as co-substrate for L-tyrosine production, from the cheap substrate L-alanine. The BpALR (ALR from Bacillus pseudofirmus) was used as a whole-cell biocatalyst, converting L-alanine to D, L-alanine. The FsDAAO (DAAO from Fusarium solani) was immobilized to oxidize the D-alanine generated in the first step to pyruvate. Both systems were combined as a continuous-flow reactor for maximized L-alanine-to-pyruvate conversion rates. The optimal parameters and appropriate conditions for FsDAAO immobilization were investigated. The pyruvate concentration of 86.6 g/L was achieved within 17 h. Subsequently, a whole-cell biocatalyst system for L-tyrosine production, catalyzed by the tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL) from Erwinia herbicola (EhTPL), was developed, and a fed-batch approach was applied with phenol and the pyruvate produced with the ALR/DAAO system mentioned above. The concentration of phenol and pyruvate in the reactor should not exceed 7.5 g/L and 10 g/L, respectively. Significantly, the L-tyrosine concentration of 152.5 g/L was achieved within 10 h, demonstrating the great potential for high-efficiency production of L-tyrosine through the approach we established in this paper. Graphical abstract KEY POINTS • A specific bioreactor system for pyruvate produced from l-alanine was developed • The appropriate condition for immobilization of FsDAAO was investigated • A fed-batch process was established to produce l-tyrosine with recombinant E. coli • The bi-enzymatic cascade was successfully used for l-tyrosine production at low cost.Reversible lysine acetylation (RLA) of translation machinery components, such as ribosomal proteins (RPs) and translation factors (TFs), was identified in many microorganisms, while knowledge of its function and effect on translation remains limited. Herein, we show that translation machinery is regulated by acetylation. Using the cell-free translation system of E. coli, we found that AcP-driven acetylation significantly reduced the relative translation rate, and deacetylation partially restored the translation activity. Hyperacetylation caused by intracellular AcP accumulation or carbon/nitrogen fluctuation (carbon overflow or nitrogen limitation) modulated protein translation in vivo. These results uncovered a critical role of acetylation in translation regulation and indicated that carbon/nitrogen imbalance induced acetylation of ribosome in E. coli and dynamically affected translation rate via a global, uniform manner. KEY POINTS • Acetylation of translation machinery directly regulated global translation. • K618 of EF-G, K411, and K464 of S1 are the key points influencing translation rate. • Carbon/nitrogen imbalance triggers AcP-dependent acetylation.Gut microbiota modulation by a probiotic is a novel therapy for hypercholesterolemia mitigation. This study initially investigated the potential hypocholesterolemic effect of Bacillus sp. DU-106 in hypercholesterolemic rats and explored its potential relation with gut microbiota. Sprague-Dawley rats received a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with 7.5 × 109 and 1.5 × 1010 CFU/kg bw/day Bacillus sp. DU-106 (low-dose and high-dose groups). At the end of 9 weeks, Bacillus sp. DU-106 treatment significantly decreased the body weight, liver index, and total cholesterol. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that Bacillus sp. DU-106 intervention significantly increased bacterial richness and particularly increased the genus abundance of Turicibacter, Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, and Bacillus and significantly decreased the abundance of Ralstonia. Metabolomic data further indicated that the supplementation of Bacillus sp. DU-106 remarkably changed the gut metabolic profiles of hypercholesterolemic rats and, in particular, elevated the metabolites of indole-3-acetate, methylsuccinic acid, creatine, glutamic acid, threonine, lysine, ascorbic acid, and pyridoxamine. Spearman's correlation analysis showed the close relation between the different genera and metabolites. In conclusion, Bacillus sp. DU-106 supplement ameliorated high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and showed potential probiotic benefits for the intestine. KEY POINTS • A novel potential probiotic Bacillus sp. DU-106 ameliorated hypercholesterolemia in rats. • Bacillus sp. DU-106 supplement regulated gut microbiome structure and richness. • Bacillus sp. DU-106 supplement changed metabolic profiles in high-fat diet rats. • Significant correlations were observed between differential genera and metabolites.The effects of substituting nitrogen atoms on the stability of novel singlet (s) and triplet (t) forms of germylenes (1-20) are compared and contrasted, at B3LYP/AUG-cc-pVTZ level of theory. Every one of the 40 new divalents scrutinized appears as a minimum on its energy surface, for showing no negative force constant. Also, every singlet (1s-20s) appears more stable than its corresponding triplet (1t-20t). The highest stability (ΔEs-t) is achieved by germylene (11) where all the three nitrogens are bonded to the central boron atom. The EHOMO slightly decreases when the number of electronegative, σ-acceptor nitrogen atoms increases, and also causes it to be less electron-rich. Germylene 16s with low stability (ΔEs-t = 17.19 kcal/mol), bond gap (ΔEHOMO-LUMO = 57.46 kcal/mol-1), and atomic charge on -G̈e- (+ 0.9012), has high electrophilicity (ω = 3.78 eV) and nucleophilicity (N = 3.87 eV). NSC 27223 datasheet Germylenes 8s, 14s, and 19s with coordinate covalent bond between nitrogen (N(Y)) and germylene center have low ω and high ΔEHOMO-LUMO.