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However, titanium dioxide NPs could not induce the concentration-dependent increase of DNA fluorescence intensity of comet tail. In the PIG-A assay, both AgNPs and TiO2NPs did not induce PIG-A gene mutation frequency in TK6 cells. The results showed that AgNPs could induce DNA damage in TK6 cells, but could not induce increase of PIG-A gene mutation frequency. TiO2NPs neither induce DNA damage in TK6 cells nor increase PIG-A mutation frequency. Further tests are needed to determine whether TiO2NPs are genotoxic.Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of closed circular RNA molecules formed by reverse splicing, which exists widely in organisms and has become a research hotspot in non-coding RNAs in recent years. Skeletal muscle plays the role of coordinating movement and maintaining normal metabolism and endocrine in organisms. With the development of sequencing and bioinformatics analysis technology, the functions and regulation mechanisms of circRNAs in skeletal muscle development have been gradually revealed. In this review, we summarize the types of molecular regulatory mechanisms, the classical research ideas and the functional research methods of circRNAs, and the research progress of circRNAs involved in normal development of skeletal muscle and regulation of skeletal muscle disease, in order to provide a reference to further study of the genetic mechanisms of circRNAs in the regulation of skeletal muscle development.Gene editing is a genetic engineering technology that can modify, delete, or insert a small piece of DNA at a specific point in the genome of cells and organisms. Gene editing technology holds great promises in the fields of disease treatment, gene function regulation, gene detection, drug research and development, and crop breeding. However, side effects, such as off-target editing, genotoxicity and other issues, have gradually emerged in the application. In the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) system, the Cas9 nuclease can specifically recognize the target DNA by the base pairing of a guide RNA (gRNA) with the target DNA. Atuzabrutinib Upon target recognition, the two DNA strands are cleaved by distinct domains of the Cas9 nuclease. Since both Cas9 nuclease and gRNA possess different characteristics in their own activities, recognition sites and binding ability to specific target, it is essential to precisely regulate the activity of Cas9 nuclease and gRNA in both time and space manners, thus preventing the risk of side effects and enhancing the precise regulation of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. In this review, we summarize the advances in the precise control of gene editing, especially CRISPR/cas9 over several dimensions using fusion Cas9 proteins regulated by light, temperature and drugs, exploiting and screening anti-CRISPRs proteins, synthesizing and identifying small molecules- inhibitors, and developing other therapeutic agents, thereby providing a reference and research ideas for human disease treatment, crop and livestock improvement and prevention of biotechnology misuse.N 6-methyladenosine (m 6A) is an important RNA modification, which is highly active in brain tissues, participates in global intracellular mRNA metabolism, and regulates gene expression and a variety of biological processes. Stable m 6A modification contributes to the normal embryonic brain development and memory formation and plays an important role in maintaining the functions of the central nervous system. However, changes in the level of m 6A modification and the expression of its related proteins cause abnormal nervous system functions, including brain tissue development retardation, axon regeneration disorders, memory changes, and stem cell renewal and differentiation disorders. Recent studies have also found that m 6A modification and its related proteins play key roles in the development of various nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, fragile X-chromosome syndrome, depression and glioblastoma. In this review, we summarize the research progresses of m 6A modification regulation mechanism in the central nervous system in recent years, and discusses the effects of gene expression regulation mediated by m 6A modification on the biological functions of the central nervous system and related diseases, thereby providing some insights on the new research targets and treatment directions for the central nervous system diseases.Nucleosomes are the basic unit of the three-dimensional structure of chromatin. It is now widely accepted that the positioning and occupancy of nucleosomes play important roles in fundamental genomic processes such as DNA transcription, replication and repair. Among the methods used to provide genome-wide nucleosomal positions and occupancy levels, MNase-seq has proven to be highly effective. Indeed, with this method, the nucleosomal landscapes of a variety of organisms have now been investigated, revealing both commonalities and differences. In this review, we first introduce the technical principles underlying MNase-seq, focusing on details essential to precisely resolve nucleosome positioning and occupancy. We then describe recent advances with this method, as well as future perspectives of its role in chromatin biology, with a particular focus of uncovering mechanistic insights of many disease process.Potassium channels, which are the most diverse group of the ion channel family, play an important role in the repolarization of cardiomyocytes. Recent studies showed that potassium channels, such as KCNQ and HERG/eag, play an important role in regulating adult heart function through shaping the action potential and maintaining the rhythm of cardiac contraction. The potassium channel protein Shaker is the first voltage-gated potassium channel found in Drosophila to maintain the electrical excitability of neurons and muscle cells, but its role in adult cardiac function is still unclear. In this study, Drosophila was used as a model to study the role of Shaker channel in the maintenance of cardiac function under stress and aging. The incidence of heart failure was observed in shaker mutant after external electrical pacing, which simulates cardiac stress. Additionally, The cardiac-specific driver hand4.2 Gal4 was used to specifically knock down the expression of the potassium channel shaker in Drosophila. The cardiac parameter was analyzed at 1, 3, 5 weeks of age on cardiac specific knockdown of shaker using Drosophila adult cardiac physiological assay.