Demantstuart9759
Depression was also associated with consumption of soda or artificial juice and are food markers of unhealthy diets.
The cross-sectional design does not establish whether the associations are causal, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is a screening scale - not a diagnostic tool; however, it is easy, quick to apply, and is widely used in epidemiological studies.
The results provide important evidence about the role of diets on that mood disorder, which contributes to management approaches to depression.
The results provide important evidence about the role of diets on that mood disorder, which contributes to management approaches to depression.
Depression is common in nursing homes, particularly among newly admitted residents. This cluster randomised controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the Program to Enhance Adjustment to Residential Living (PEARL) in reducing depression in this group.
Participants were 219 newly-admitted residents (mean of 4.4 weeks since admission) in 42 nursing homes in Melbourne, Australia, with a mean age of 85.5 years (SD=7.3). Nursing homes were randomly allocated to the intervention or standard care condition. Level of depressive symptoms was evaluated at baseline (T1), one week post- intervention (T2), 2 months post-intervention (T3, primary end point), and 6 months post-intervention (T4). Changes in depressive symptoms in the intervention and control groups over time were compared using a multilevel model, with nursing homes modelled as random intercept.
In intention to treat analyses, depressive symptoms reduced from T1 to T3 to a greater degree in the intervention condition (M
=2.56, SD
=5.71) than in the control (M
=0.63, SD
=5.25), with a significant, small-medium treatment effect size (p=.035; Cohen's d=0.36). The reduction in depressive symptoms from T1 to T4 was not significant (p=.369; Cohen's d=0.32).
The findings require replication, particularly comparing PEARL with an active control condition.
PEARL is a simple, brief program that was effective in reducing symptoms of depression in newly admitted nursing home residents.
PEARL is a simple, brief program that was effective in reducing symptoms of depression in newly admitted nursing home residents.
Dominant-submissive relationships depend upon functionality of the neural circuits involving monoaminergic neurotransmission. Behavioral profiles of selectively bred dominant (Dom) and submissive (Sub) mice have been proposed to mimic hyperthymic- or depressive-like temperaments observed in patients with affective disorders. These mice differentially respond to psychotropic agents and stressful stimuli, however, the mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. To address these mechanisms, we analyzed the brain monoamine content and responses to paroxetine (PXT) in Dom and Sub mice.
The behavioral effects of PXT (3 mg/kg, single injection) were assessed with the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Forced Swim Test (FST). Monoamine tissue content was analyzed by HPLC-ECD.
Compared to Dom, Sub mice had decreased levels of serotonin (5-HT) in the brainstem (BS), reduced levels of norepinephrine (NE) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HPC), and striatum (STR) and elevated levels of dopamine (DA) in PFC, HPC, STR and BS. In EPM, PXT administration increased locomotion and exploration in Dom mice, with no effect in Sub mice. In FST, PXT disrupted immobility in Dom mice only. The PXT-produced differences in regional monoamine content were strain-dependent and consistent with the behavioral alterations.
Chronic PXT treatment, in vivo monoamine assays and sex-dependent analysis were out of the scope of this study and will be performed in the future in order to provide an in-depth evaluation of the neurochemical mechanisms underlying temperament-dependent responses to SSRIs.
Our findings suggest neurochemical mechanisms that underlie temperament-based response to antidepressant treatment.
Our findings suggest neurochemical mechanisms that underlie temperament-based response to antidepressant treatment.
Executive functions and resilience, the key components of an individual's ability to participate meaningfully and effectively in their environment, have become increasingly researched topics in psychology and education. However, little is known about the longitudinal associations of executive functions and resilience among emergent adults.
We conducted a prospective study with 450 (baseline) participants aged 17-24 years; 420 of these participants also completed a 15-month follow-up. GSK1325756 order Participants answered questionnaires investigating socio-demographics, executive functions, and resilience, and results were analysed with multivariable logistic regression and cross-lagged analyses.
At baseline, the overall prevalence of low executive functions (T-score ≥ 60) among the sample was 18.2%. Relative to persistently low executive functions, newly developed or persistent high executive functions was significantly associated with higher level of resilience at follow-up (bOR=8.26, 95% CI [2.57, 26.49]; bOR=8.74, 9to support individuals' development.
Meta-analytic reviews concerning predictors of PTSD in children and adolescents have predominantly identified evidence relating to pre- and post-trauma risk factors; however, there is little evidence regarding peritraumatic risk factors. This paper comprised a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring psychological peritraumatic risk factors for PTSD in youth.
Thirty-two studies were identified. Random effects meta-analyses were undertaken, with meta-regressions to explore the moderating role of study characteristics (gender, sex, timing of assessment after trauma, study quality, design and trauma type) on the size of effect of predictive factors.
Peritraumatic subjective threat (k=28; r=0.37, 95% CI=0.31-0.42) yielded a medium effect size estimate, while dissociation (k=5; r=0.17, 95% CI=0.03-0.29) and data-driven processing (feeling muddled or confused during the trauma) (k=2; r=0.29, 95% CI=0.14-0.43) yielded smaller population effect size estimates for the relationship with PTSD symptoms.
