Deleonbird6594

The effective energy and momentum impartment to the resist by the ion, as revealed by recoil atom cascades and vacancy formation, is important to significantly expanding the material types suitable for ion beam lithography. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.The fabrication of bendable electronic devices is being a scientific-technological area of very rapid advance in which new materials and fabrication techniques are being continuously developed. In this kind of devices, the fabrication of flexible conductive electrodes adherent to the substrate is a key factor. Besides, eco-friendliness, low cost and fast production are essential requirements for the successful progress of new technologies. In this work, a novel method for obtaining graphene-based flexible electrodes is presented. Conductive films were obtained by means of visible laser irradiation of graphene oxide layers deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates besides self-standing membranes sandwiched between glass slides. Despite the low power of the laser system, numerical simulations indicate the development of temperatures over 1000 K throughout the irradiated material. The laser-induced spatially confined heating leads to the reduction of the graphene oxide material whereas the glass-based sandwich assembly avoids reoxidation from surrounding air. By scanning and pixelated modes, reduced graphene oxide electrodes, up to 100 μm in thickness, and with conductivities as low as 6×10-4Ωm were obtained in an easy and versatile way. Proof-of-concept microsupercapacitors and electrochemical sensors were fabricated with this technique, showing promising performance. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.4D dose calculation (4D-DC) is crucial for predicting the dosimetric outcome in the presence of intra-fractional organ motion. Time-resolved dosimetry can provide significant insights in 4D pencil beam scanning (PBS) dose accumulation and is therefore irreplaceable for benchmarking 4D-DC. In this study a novel approach of time-resolved dosimetry using five pinpoint ionization chambers (IC) embedded in an anthropomorphic dynamic phantom was employed and validated against beam delivery details. Beam intensity variations as well as beam delivery time-structure were well reflected with an accuracy comparable to the temporal resolution of the IC measurements. The 4D dosimetry approach was further applied for benchmarking 4D-DC implemented in the RayStation 6.99 treatment planning system. The agreement between computed values and measurements was investigated for (i) partial doses based on individual breathing phases, and (ii) temporally distributed cumulative doses. For varied beam delivery and patient-related partechniques. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.Repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve defect by engineered conduits has greatly advanced in the past decades while still facing great challenges. In this work, we fabricated a new highly oriented poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/soy protein isolate (SPI) nanofibrous conduit (HO-PSNC) for nerve regeneration. Firstly, we observed that SPI could efficiently modify PLLA for the electrospinning of PLLA/SPI nanofibers with enhanced physical and biological properties. Incorporation of SPI decreased the fiber diameter and ductility of PLLA/SPI nanofibrous films (PSNFs), improved the tensile strength and surface wettability of PSNFs and increased the in vivo degradability of the PSNFs. When the hybrid ratio of SPI was 20 and 40%, PSNFs could efficiently promote neural cell extension and differentiation in vitro. Based on these data, 20% SPI (PSNF-20) was chosen for further investigation. Next, PSNF-20 with different fiber orientations (random/low orientation, medium, and high orientation, respectively) were developed and used for evaluating neural cell behaviors on the materials. Results revealed that the PSNF-20 with highly oriented nanofibers (HO-PSNF-20) or mediumly oriented nanofibers (MO-PSNF-20) showed a better performance in directing cell extension and enhancing neurite outgrowth. Finally, the highly oriented nanofibers conduits (HO-PSNC-20) were used to bridge sciatic nerve defect in rats with highly oriented PLLA and autografts as controls. HO-PSNC-20 exhibited a significant promotion in nerve regeneration and functional reconstruction compari. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.In this study, we aimed to prepare and characterize porous scaffolds composed of pure and boron oxide (B2O3) doped bioactive glass (BG) that were infiltrated by cellulose acetate-gelatin (CA-GE) polymer solution for bone tissue engineering applications. Composite scaffolds were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GTA) after polymer coating to protect the structural integrity of the polymeric coated scaffolds. The impact of B2O3 incorporation into BG-polymer porous scaffolds on cross-sectional morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, degradation, and bioactivity of the scaffolds was investigated. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were enzymatically isolated and used for cell culture studies. According to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, porous structure of the scaffolds was preserved after polymer coating. After polymer infiltration, porosity of the scaffolds decreased from 64.2% to 59.35% for pure BG scaffolds and from 67.3% to 58.9% for B2O3 doped scaffolds, meanwhile their compressive strengths increased from 0.13 MPa to 0.57 MPa and from 0.20 MPa to 0.82 MPa, respectively. After polymer infiltration, 7% B2O3 incorporated BG scaffolds had higher weight loss and Ca-P layer deposition than pure BG scaffolds, after 14 days of incubation in stimulated body fluid (SBF) at 37oC. Higher attachment and proliferation of hDPSCs were observed on 7% B2O3-BG-CA/GE scaffolds. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the cells was about 1.25 fold higher in this group than that observed on BG-CA/GE scaffolds after 14 days of incubation in osteogenic medium, while their intracellular calcium amounts were 1.7 fold higher than observed on BG-CA/GE after 7 days of incubation in osteogenic medium. Cyclopamine Our results suggested that porous cellulose acetate-gelatin coated boron-bioactive glass scaffolds hold promise for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.