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Living in rural areas and higher education were linked to higher odds of being interested in receiving disease information, asking physicians, and communicating with patients through ICTs.
Most patients and especially patients with higher education who live in rural areas are interested in using ICTs for their healthcare, but prefer different ICTs for different purposes, ie, web browsers for obtaining information, e-mail for asking physicians, and WhatsApp for communicating with other patients. Our findings may help to improve ICTs for CU.
Most patients and especially patients with higher education who live in rural areas are interested in using ICTs for their healthcare, but prefer different ICTs for different purposes, ie, web browsers for obtaining information, e-mail for asking physicians, and WhatsApp for communicating with other patients. Our findings may help to improve ICTs for CU.
Examine use of the female condom (FC) for anal sex among Men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States (US).
An online survey among 3,837 MSM.
5.2% had used the FC for anal sex. Use was higher among those who had used the FC for vaginal sex (OR=14.39, p<0.001), those with multiple partners, (OR=2.68, p=0.004), and those who were HIV-positive (OR=2.07, p<0.001) or on PrEP (OR=2.66, p<0.001).
FC use for anal sex was associated with risk of HIV infection/transmission and may be a risk reduction strategy used by MSM in the US.
FC use for anal sex was associated with risk of HIV infection/transmission and may be a risk reduction strategy used by MSM in the US.
This study aims to explore the characteristics of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and its underlying molecular mechanisms in the period of paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF).
Picrosirius red staining and collagen volume fraction were utilized to evaluate the pathological changes of PQ-induced PF in rats. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to measure the protein and gene expression of EMT markers, EMT-associated transcription factors, and regulators of EMT-related pathways, respectively.
The collagen deposition in the alveolar septum and increased PF markers were characteristics of pathological changes in PQ-induced PF, reached a peak on day 14 after PQ poisoning, and then decreased on day 21. The protein and gene expression of the fibrosis marker, EMT markers, transcription factors, and regulators of EMT-related signaling pathways significantly increased at different time points after PQ poisoning compared with corresponding controls (
<0.05), and most of them reached a peak on day 14, followed by a decrease on day 21. The gene expression of EMT markers was significantly correlated with PF markers, transcription factors, and regulators of EMT-related signaling pathways (
<0.05). The mRNA expression of transcription factors was significantly correlated with that of TGF-β1 and Smad2 (
<0.05 or
<0.01), instead of Wnt2 and β-catenin (
>0.05).
EMT process plays a role in the PQ-induced PF, in which most PF and EMT markers have a peak phenomenon, and its underlying molecular mechanisms might be determined by further studies.
EMT process plays a role in the PQ-induced PF, in which most PF and EMT markers have a peak phenomenon, and its underlying molecular mechanisms might be determined by further studies.
There are conflicting results regarding whether corticosteroids have better efficacy than placebo in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Therefore, we aim to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in adult ARDS patients.
The databases, including Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, were searched from their inception to May 2, 2020. Telaglenastat datasheet Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies were selected to assess the use of corticosteroids in adult ARDS patients. The quality of the results was judged by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The inverse-variance method with random or fixed effects modeling was used to compute pooled odds ratio (
), standardized mean difference (
), and their 95% confidence interval (
).
Eight eligible RCTs and six cohort studies were included. The use of corticosteroids was associated with reduced mortality (
0.57, 95%
0.43-0.76,
2=35.1%,
=0.148) in ARDS patients, and the result was confirmed in the included cohort studies (
0.51, 95%
0.27-0.95,
2=66.7%,
=0.010). The subgroup analysis stratified by the initiation time and duration of corticosteroid use showed that early ARDS and prolonged corticosteroid use had significant survival benefits in the RCTs. The low-dose corticosteroid use was also associated with significantly more ventilator-free days and a reduced rate of new infections in ARDS patients.
The low-dose corticosteroid therapy may be safe and reduce mortality, especially in patients with prolonged treatment and early ARDS.
The low-dose corticosteroid therapy may be safe and reduce mortality, especially in patients with prolonged treatment and early ARDS.
Due to the still sparse literature in China, the investigation of hyperoxemia management is required. Thus, we aim to conduct a retrospective study to provide more information about hyperoxemia management in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
We retrospectively screened the medical records of adult patients (age ≥18 years) who required mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥24 hours from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. All arterial blood gas (ABG) tested during MV was retrieved, and MV settings were recorded. The median arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO
) >120 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was defined as mild to moderate hyperoxemia, and PaO
>300 mmHg as extreme hyperoxemia. Intensivists' response to hyperoxemia was assessed based on the reduction of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO
) within one hour after hyperoxemia was recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent factors associated with the intensivists' response to hyperoxemia.
A total of 592 patients were finally analyzed.
