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04%, with language (16%) and fine motor skills (16%) being the most affected domains of psychomotor development. The independent factors significantly associated with global psychomotor delay were birth weight below 2500 grams (OR= 17.61 [1.76-181.39], p= 0.022), growth retardation (OR= 17.64 [1.63-190.24], p= 0.018) and elevated viral load (OR= 22.75 [2.78-186.02], p= 0.004).

psychomotor delay affects about one out of ten children living with HIV. Its occurrence is linked to various factors that must be taken into account in the development of public health policies in connection with the management of HIV infection in children.

psychomotor delay affects about one out of ten children living with HIV. Its occurrence is linked to various factors that must be taken into account in the development of public health policies in connection with the management of HIV infection in children.

an increasing trend of routine immunization performance has generally been observed over the past decade in Ethiopia. However, inconsistencies were observed over time and among different sources of data. This review analyzed systematically data from various sources and produced regional and national coverage estimates for antigens offered in the infant immunization program in Ethiopia.

we collated data from administrative reports, population-based surveys and other sources to produce annual estimates of vaccination coverage. We obtained relevant data for each of the 9 Regional States and 2 city administrations, for the period 2007-2016. Region level estimates were produced based on survey results, interpolation between or extrapolation. We aggregated the resulting region level estimates, using a population-weighted approach, to give national estimates.

we found that the national Penta 3 coverage of Ethiopia increased from 59% in 2007 to 71% in 2016. For the 110 vaccination estimates produced at region level, 71 were based on interpolation or extrapolation from empirical anchor points; 18% were based on surveys and 17% were based on administrative data.

while we recognize the critical importance of improving the quality of information on vaccination coverage from administrative reporting systems, we are also cognizant of the expected continued need for region level surveys and improved rapid-monitoring exercises.

while we recognize the critical importance of improving the quality of information on vaccination coverage from administrative reporting systems, we are also cognizant of the expected continued need for region level surveys and improved rapid-monitoring exercises.

otolaryngological disorders vary among children due to diverse underlying aetiologies and pathologic processes.This study audits the pattern of paediatric ear, nose and throat diseases seen at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital.

a cross-sectional retrospective review of medical records of children (aged 0 - 17 years) seen between 1

January 2018 and 31

December 2020 were retrieved and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Results were presented as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables.

a total of 5,533 paediatric visits were documented over the study period, making up 36.7% of all patients seen. There were 2,516 completed paediatric medical records. Males slightly predominated, accounting for 1,369 (54.5%), mean age was 6.77 years (SD ± 5.10) and ranged 2 weeks to 17 years. Age groups 0-4 years were the most affected. Ear disorders were the commonest disorders found (1637, 65.1%), followed by throat/neck disorders (650, 25.8%) and then nose disorders (229, 9.1%). The top 2 disorders based on regions were as follows Cerumen Auris (426, 16.9%) and Otitis Externa (252, 10.2%) for ear disorders; Chronic / Allergic rhinosinusitis (107, 4.3%) and foreign body in the nose (72, 2.9%) for nose disorders and Adenotonsillar hypertrophy (544, 21.6%) and speech disorders (23, 0.9%) for throat disorders respectively.

among the paediatric group of patients, ear disorders predominated. Cerumen Auris, Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and chronic/allergic rhinosinusitis were the commonest ENT disorders.

among the paediatric group of patients, ear disorders predominated. Cerumen Auris, Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and chronic/allergic rhinosinusitis were the commonest ENT disorders.

cervical cancer is a public health problem in Cameroon, ranking as the 2

most frequent cancer. The purpose of our study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with cervical cancer at the Douala General Hospital in Cameroon.

we conducted a retrospective study over the period 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017.

the study enrolled 357 women. Patients´ age ranged from 25 to 88 years, with an average age of 52.82 ± 12.36 years. Patients from the Western Region were more heavily represented, with a percentage of 42.2% (n= 124/294). find more The majority of them were unemployed housekeepers (57.3%; n=200/341). The age of first sexual intercourse was recorded for only 37% (n=133/357) of the study population, with an average age of 16.73 ± 2.16 years; while the average age on giving birth to the first child was 18.92 ± 3.44 years. On the other hand, 6.5% (n=11/169) of patients were smokers, while 44% (n=73/166) were alcohol abusers. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histologic type (85.6%; n=255/298). The most frequent stage at diagnosis was stage IIB (22.3%, n=71/319) followed by stage IIIB (21.6%; n=69/319).

in Cameroon, cervical cancer commonly occurs in unemployed adult women and it is associated with an advanced-stage diagnosis. Hence the need to improve awareness of prevention and early diagnosis.

in Cameroon, cervical cancer commonly occurs in unemployed adult women and it is associated with an advanced-stage diagnosis. Hence the need to improve awareness of prevention and early diagnosis.

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated Glomerulonephritis (GN) is rare but a life-threatening disease especially, particularly in patients with advanced renal failure at presentation. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features of renal involvement and investigate factors associated with ESRD.

patients with renal biopsy-proven ANCA associated glomerulonephritis were included retrospectively over a thirty years period. The renal survival, defined as time to reach ESRD, was evaluated based on clinical parameters, histopathological classification as well as the renal risk score.

a total of 65 patients with crescentic GN were included in the study. The mean age was 47.9 years ± 22.4 years (range 18-78) with an M/F sex ratio at 1.13. Hematuria, proteinuria and oliguria were found in respectively 100%, 81.5% and 56.2% of cases. Sixty patients (92.3%) had renal failure at presentation, and 30 patients (46%) required initial hemodialysis (HD) therapyroved patient survival but constantly high relapse risk. In addition, we observed that ANCA GN classification was predictive, as the risk of progressing to ESRD increased with the ascending category of focal, crescentic, mixed and sclerotic GN.

in our cohort of ANCA GN, confirms the data showing improved patient survival but constantly high relapse risk. In addition, we observed that ANCA GN classification was predictive, as the risk of progressing to ESRD increased with the ascending category of focal, crescentic, mixed and sclerotic GN.This is a case series report of 19 palliative care patients where 23 acupuncture sessions were performed which included Yintang (EX-HN 3) acupuncture or acupressure for the relief of terminal restlessness, anxiety or psychological distress present during the dying process. There was an observable relief from the restlessness, anxiety and distress both in sessions where only Yintang (EX-HN 3) point acupuncture or acupressure was performed (observed in 10 out of 11 sessions) as well as in sessions where Yintang (EX-HN 3) point acupuncture or acupressure was performed together with additional interventions, such as other points acupuncture, ear acupuncture or benzodiazepine treatment (observed in 10 out of 12 sessions). In total relief was observed in 20 out of 23 sessions (86.9%). A hypothesis that might worth further testing is whether Yintang (EX-HN 3) acupuncture or acupressure has an anxiolytic, tranquillising or sedative effect in dying patients. If confirmed this could be potentially useful in the fields of palliative care or disaster/triage medicine.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is generally endemic in resource-limited countries, which are characterized by a deficit of technical facilities that could delay diagnosis and treatment. To facilitate the accessibility to diagnostic and connection to treatment, evaluation, and promotion of alternatives and/or simplified strategies and inexpensive tools such as dried blood specimens need to be investigated and implemented. This study aimed to evaluate dried blood spots (DBS) for the detection and quantification of HBsAg. This study included 100 DBS from subjects tested positive for HBsAg, and 50 DBSs from subjects tested negative for HBsAg by the automate Architect i1000sr (Abbott Diagnostics, Ireland). Hepatitis B surface antigen detection was performed with determine HBsAg Alere® tests (Alere International Limited, Ireland) and Architect® HBsAg Qualitative II Assays (Abbott, Diagnostics, Ireland) after 15 and 30 days (D15, D30). For HBsAg-positive subjects, the quantification of HBsAg was performed at day zero (D0) from plasma and at D15 and D30 from the DBSs. At D15, the sensitivity and specificity were 96% and 100% for the Determine® tests and 100% and 100% for the Architect® tests, respectively. At D30, the sensitivity and specificity were 96% and 100% for the Determine® tests and 100% and 100% for the Architect® tests, respectively. For HBsAg quantification, the agreement rates were 96%, 96% and 100% between D0-D15, D0-D30 and D15-D30, respectively. This work showed that DBSs can be very useful for HBsAg detection and quantification and therefore in the management of HBV infection in resource-limited settings.

as road traffic crashes (RTCs) continue to rise in the developing world, the current growth rate and true burden of orthopaedic injuries are unknown. In 2015, we characterized the orthopaedic burden at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) in Tanzania. In this study, we re-evaluated the burden and growth-rate over three years in the absence of any system level changes. Additionally, we calculated the percentage of orthopaedic patients that received definitive fixation for their orthopaedic injury when surgery was indicated.

we prospectively collected data for 190 patients admitted to the orthopaedic ward at KCMC during June/July 2018. We also retrospectively reviewed available records for patients presenting to the KCMC Emergency Department, Orthopaedic Outpatient Clinic and Orthopaedic Ward.

prospective data 231 patients were admitted to the orthopaedic ward. Forty-one (17.7%) isolated spine patients were excluded, leaving 190 patients in the final study cohort. RTC (89, 46.8%) represented the mol care capacity at KCMC and in similar settings will continue to grow.