Dehnvillarreal8568

8%), cough/cold (

= 38; 25.8%) or diarrhea (

= 22; 15.0%). Out of which, 122 (83%) did self-medication based on their previous experience, 18 (12.2%) used previous doctor's prescriptions, whereas 22 (15%) reported that other people advised them. Education, presence of unused medicines at home, and those who have heard of antibiotic were found to be the significant risk factors associated with self-medication.

Among Pakistani population, the frequency of self-medication is very high, with most people practicing self-medication on the basis of their previous experiences. It puts them at risk of experiencing adverse reactions and most importantly antibiotic resistance.

Among Pakistani population, the frequency of self-medication is very high, with most people practicing self-medication on the basis of their previous experiences. It puts them at risk of experiencing adverse reactions and most importantly antibiotic resistance.

We aimed to assess the parent-reported screen time of children, identify the perceived risk factors for increased screen time and its relationship to psychological distress in children.

A cross sectional study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 230 employees from medical and non-medical departments were included. Participants were employees with child/children ages 4-12 year who consented to participate in the study, we included 135 fathers and 91 mothers. The questionnaire included (i) demographic data (ii) Media history exam form and (iii) parent reported strength and difficult questionnaire (SDQ).

The average daily screen time reported was 2.5 (1.5-5) hour for boys and 2 (1-4) hour for girls. Preschoolers had greater screen time as compared to school-aged children (Median (IQR) 3 (1.5-5.6) vs 2 (1-4),

= 0.46). The children owned devices with approximately equal distribution of preschoolers and school-aged children (19 (27.1%) and 48 (30%),

= 0.661 respectively). Emotional score was found higher in school-aged group in comparison to preschoolers (

= 0.036). Moreover, mother screen time and number of devices owned by a child were found to be positively associated with child's screen time.

We conclude that as we are embracing the digital age providing a tech free zone to children is virtually impossible. Children screen time related activities in our part of the world exceeds the limitation. Parental awareness and co-viewing screen with their children are essential to avoid media related behavior problems.

We conclude that as we are embracing the digital age providing a tech free zone to children is virtually impossible. Children screen time related activities in our part of the world exceeds the limitation. Parental awareness and co-viewing screen with their children are essential to avoid media related behavior problems.

Knowledge of factors that affect survival in People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) will help us develop and implement interventions to improve the clinical outcomes and survival in these individuals. The aim of this study was to estimate the survival in PLHAs on ART in the government ART programme in Mumbai, and the factors associated with survival in these individuals.

It is a retrospective survival analysis of 28,345 adult PLHAs from 18 government ART centres in Mumbai (registration period 2004-2019). We estimated the mortality rates and their 95% confidence intervals [CIs], plotted the Kaplan Meier Survival curves, estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and hazard ratios (HR). There were done for the whole cohort and according to various demographic and clinical characteristics.

The mortality in PLHAs on ART was 9.04 per 1000 person years. The HR was significantly for those aged 50 years and more at the time of registration (HR 3.01, 95% CI 2.37, 3.83;

< 0.001), inompt diagnosis and management of TB among those infected, and developing and implementing strategies (such as enhanced counselling, telephone-based applications, messages, or reminders) to ensure ART adherence of more than 95% in those on ART will potentially help improve survival in PLHAs in India.

Methicillin-resistant

(MRSA) has become a global challenge. The shift of this organism form hospital settings to community setting and increasing resistance to non-β-lactams antibiotics have further aggravated the crisis. This trend in MRSA has necessitated the knowledge and sensitization about this agent among physicians in rural and peripheral settings.

Present study was undertaken at Department of Microbiology at rural medical college of North India from January 2017 to December 2019 (3 years). All the clinical samples collected with aseptic precautions were processed as per standard protocol. All the

isolates cultured were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing as per CLSI guidelines 2019. Screening for MRSA was done by CLSI recommended methods, such as cefoxitin disc (30 μg), oxacillin disc (1 μg), and oxacillin screen agar as per CLSI recommendation.

A steady increase in number of MRSA isolates was observed from year 2017 to 2019 with overall prevalence being 33.7%. Most MRSA isolates were obtained from pus samples. Cefoxitin disc diffusion method is a dependable detection method compared to oxacillin disc diffusion and oxacillin screen agar for identification of MRSA.

The rising trend of MRSA impresses upon the acute need of stringent infection control practices namely strict compliance to hand hygiene, prevention of misuse and overuse of antibiotics and a continuous surveillance program for MRSA. AU-15330 molecular weight Also sensitization about this agent among the primary health physician is the need of hour to implement the control measures and limit its spread in communities.

The rising trend of MRSA impresses upon the acute need of stringent infection control practices namely strict compliance to hand hygiene, prevention of misuse and overuse of antibiotics and a continuous surveillance program for MRSA. Also sensitization about this agent among the primary health physician is the need of hour to implement the control measures and limit its spread in communities.