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CONCLUSIONS Children in less developed provinces face higher risks of antibiotic misuse at home as well as when attending medical practitioners. Comprehensive educational interventions are required to improve antibiotic use for children all over China but particularly in less developed provinces such as Shaanxi. Furthermore, non-prescription sales and over-prescribing of antibiotics should be reduced by targeted strategies. Copyright (c) 2020 Yannan Xu, Jingjing Lu, Chenhui Sun, Xiaomin Wang, Yanhong Jessika Hu, Xudong Zhou.As of 28 February 2020, Italy had 888 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections, with most cases in Northern Italy in the Lombardia and Veneto regions. Travel-related cases were the main source of COVID-19 cases during the early stages of the current epidemic in Italy. The month of February, however, has been dominated by two large clusters of outbreaks in Northern Italy, south of Milan, with mainly local transmission the source of infections. Contact tracing has failed to identify patient zero in one of the outbreaks. As of 28 February 2020, twenty-one cases of COVID-19 have died. Comparison between case fatality rates in China and Italy are identical at 2.3. Additionally, deaths are similar in both countries with fatalities in mostly the elderly with known comorbidities. It will be important to develop point-of-care devices to aid clinicians in stratifying elderly patients as early as possible to determine the potential level of care they will require to improve their chances of survival from COVID-19 disease. Copyright (c) 2020 Rossella Porcheddu, Caterina Serra, David Kelvin, Nikki Kelvin, Salvatore Rubino.BACKGROUND Serbia has an intermediate estimated prevalence of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection, approximately 1.13%, with hepatitis C remaining one of the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality in Serbia with impaired quality of life and overwhelming cost of treating its complications As the availability of new treatment options and resources for screening remains limited, micro-elimination of CHC becomes a top priority. METHODS Review of the available published data related to the clinical and epidemiological situation of the hepatitis C infection in Serbia, including the unpublished data from the databases of four major reference centres in Serbia (Clinical Center Serbia, Clinical Center Niš, Clinical Center Vojvodina and Clinical Center Kragujevac). RESULTS Currently in Serbia, micro-elimination appears to be realistic in the patients with haemophilia, who represent a small, well-defined subpopulation, under constant monitoring by the healthcare system. Other feasible targets for micro-elimination of CHC infection in Serbia are patients on hemodialysis, prisoners and people who inject drugs. CONCLUSIONS Micro-elimination is feasible in Serbia, especially in the subpopulation of patients with haemophilia. This may represent an initial step towards achieving the WHO objective to eliminate hepatitis C infection by 2030. Copyright (c) 2020 Ksenija Bojovic, Jasmina Simonovic-Babic, Zeljko Mijailovic, Ivana Milosevic, Maja Jovanovic, Maja Ruzic, Tatjana Cvejic-Pasic, Petar Svorcan, Milena Petrovic, Jelena Jordovic.Although many studies have focused on functional impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage, little is known about the relationship between secondary injuries to distal regions and neurological function. Our study aimed to evaluate the secondary injuries after intracerebral hemorrhage and explore their relationship to neurological functional outcome. Twenty-one patients with hemorrhages in supratentorial, deep locations and 10 healthy subjects were recruited. learn more Longitudinal examinations of diffusion tensor imaging, hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and neuropsychological assessment were performed after weeks 1 and 12 to elucidate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging parameters and neurologic outcomes. By week 12, motor function had significantly improved, but cognitive function had deteriorated compared to week 1. Fractional anisotropy values for the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle correlated with motor function at week 1. No significant correlation between fractional anisotropy for the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle and the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale was found at week 12. Fractional anisotropy values for the ipsilateral hippocampus were related to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination at weeks 1 and 12. Deep supratentorial hemorrhage may result in injury to distal regions, which correlate with impaired motor and cognitive function.As a developing country, Vietnam is facing many problems such as environmental pollution caused by industrialization, urbanization and the ethnic minority gap. Besides, Vietnam is one of the 10 countries most vulnerable to the effects of climate change and natural disasters. Vietnam has more than 26.3 million children under 16 years of age, with the ratio being 114 boys/100 girls. Children are especially vulnerable to environmental risks. This review includes much data collected during 2010-2018 on children's environmental health in Vietnam.Background Clinical or biochemical markers that have good correlation with magnetic resonance proton density fat fraction (MR PDFF) can be used as simple tools for the screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in determining the degree of fatty infiltration of the liver. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of relationship between MR PDFF and ultrasonography (USG) grades of fatty liver, and clinical and biochemical parameters of adolescents and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of USG for diagnosis of NAFLD. Methods This prospective study included 34 overweight adolescents (mean age, 12.1 ± 1.5 years; range, 10-15.1 years; 10 girls and 24 boys) who underwent both USG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Correlation analysis was performed between MR fat fraction and USG grades of fatty liver, and clinical and biochemical parameters of fatty liver disease. Results MR fat fraction had a moderate positive correlation with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) (ρ = 0.