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Obstructed labour is considered a negligible component of maternal mortality in developed countries but it is a major mortality burden in developing countries. This study was done to compare maternal outcome associated with reverse breech extraction and vaginal head pushing method for the deeply impacted foetal head in emergency caesarean section.

It was done at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from May to Nov 2014. A total of 110 patients meeting our inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups, i.e., Group A (delivered by reverse breech extraction) and Group B (delivered by hand push method). Patient demographic data and maternal outcomes were compared among both groups. Data was analysed using SPSS-21.

Mean age of the patients was 27.51±6.60 and 27.91±6.85 years in Group-A and B respectively with an age range of 15-45 years while the mean gestational age was 39.93±0.87 weeks and 40.05±0.62 weeks in Group A and B respectively. 27 (49.1%) from Group A and 26 (47.3%) from Group B were primigravida. Extension of uterine incision was observed in 5 (9.1%) patients of group-A and 25 (45.5%) patients of group-B. Mean operative duration was 42.47±3.00 min and 51.73±2.14 min in Group A and B respectively. More blood loss was observed in Group-B when compared with Group-A (1542.36±188.27 ml vs 1090.36±130.08 ml). A statistically significant difference was seen in both groups regarding maternal outcomes (p<0.001).

Reverse breech extraction for delivery of deeply impacted foetal head during the emergency caesarean section is a safe and quick technique as compared to the push method.

Reverse breech extraction for delivery of deeply impacted foetal head during the emergency caesarean section is a safe and quick technique as compared to the push method.

The role of malocclusion in the aetiology of TMDs has been discussed extensively in literature, however, the varied results from different studies have made it difficult to reach a consensus. The objective of this study was to determine the association of dental characteristics and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

This case-control study involved a total of 266 patients who were equally divided into 2 groups (TMD/Non-TMD) based on the score obtained from the Fonseca's questionnaire. Dental characteristics such as class of malocclusion, overjet, overbite, crossbite, and crowding were assessed. The Chi-square test was used to determine an association between each dental characteristic and TMD. Odds ratios were calculated using simple and multiple logistic regression.

Significant associations were found between crowding, crossbites, and molar relationships in males. Simple logistic regression showed significant associations for class II malocclusion (OR=0.56, p=0.024) and crowding (OR=0.35, p<0.001) with TMD. Multiple logistic regression showed significant associations for crowding (p<0.001) and class III malocclusion (p=0.002).

Male patients with dental characteristics such as improper molar relationships, crossbites, and crowding should seek orthodontic treatment to prevent the onset of TMDs. Higher odds of TMD were found in patients with Angle's class III malocclusion.

Male patients with dental characteristics such as improper molar relationships, crossbites, and crowding should seek orthodontic treatment to prevent the onset of TMDs. Higher odds of TMD were found in patients with Angle's class III malocclusion.

Staphylococcus aureus harbouring Panton Valentine Leucocidin gene are emerging and spreading worldwide. PVL gene was first identified by Noel Panton and Francis Valentine in 1932 who explained its ability to lyse leucocytes and its main relationship with skin and soft tissue infections. In Pakistan only limited data is available on the frequency and molecular analysis of PVL gene positive Staph aureus. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the clinical epidemiology of PVL positive Staph aureus in our setup. Objectives of the study was aimed to determine the frequency of PVL gene in Staph aureus obtained from pus samples from skin and soft tissue infections from various departments; indoor and outdoor of a tertiary care hospital of Lahore.

384 Staph aureus isolates from skin and soft tissue infections were selected from both indoor and outdoor departments of hospital. After identification by phenotypic methods, they were processed by PCR using luk-F and luk-S primers for the detection of PVL geh aureus treatment to the effected individuals which involve not only antibiotics but also the decolonization of effected individuals and their close contacts.

Almost half of Staph aureus isolates were found PVL positive. They were mostly multidrug resistant came from indoor setup. This situation is very alarming so, there is a need to adopt strict infection control policies in the hospitals to limit the widespread and injudicious use of antibiotics. There is also a need to apply PVL positive Staph aureus treatment to the effected individuals which involve not only antibiotics but also the decolonization of effected individuals and their close contacts.

Secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland (SC) is a new entity that harbours a specific ETV6 gene rearrangement. Selleckchem Pirinixic The clinical behaviour of this tumour is not well-known as it is a relatively new entity but it is generally considered as a tumour of low malignant potential. The objective of the study was to find out the frequency of ETV6 translocation in cases diagnosed based on histology and immunohistochemistry, to study morphological features and immunohistochemical findings of our cases and to determine the survival and disease-free status of our patients.

Twenty-five diagnosed cases of SC were retrieved from the archives of SKMCH and RC. Diagnosis was made primarily based on morphology and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry includes S100, p63, mammaglobin, DOG 1, GCDFP-15, TTF-1, GATA3, SMA, AMA, and AR. The diagnosis was further confirmed by molecular testing, i.e., Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies to observe specific ETV6 gene break. Follow up of the patients was done by developing a questionnaire.