Dawsondowns4456

The relationship between elevation and δ18O in the main course river water suggests that the factors affecting isotope distribution vary spatially. "Altitude effect" can only be observed in October and November for the upper steepest plateau zone due to the spatial variation in the precipitation stored during the wet season. The "inverse altitude effect" is observed for the upper part during the wet season and for the middle-lower part during the whole study period, which can be explained by the contribution of tributaries with different discharge regimes. Our findings show that water source with different discharge regimes can serve as the leading factor controlling the stream component in multi-tributary river basins with large spatial span and may mask the influence of spatial distribution of precipitation.On September 14, 2018, Hurricane Florence delivered ~686 mm rainfall to a 106 km2 watershed in coastal North Carolina, USA. A forested land treatment site comprises one third of the watershed wherein municipal wastewater effluent is spray-irrigated onto 8.9 km2 of forest. This communication provides insight for land treatment function under excess water duress as well as changes in organic chemical composition in on- and off-site waters before (June 2018) and after (September & December 2018) Hurricane Florence's landfall. We compare the numbers and relative abundances of chemical features detected using suspect screening high resolution mass spectrometry in waste-, ground-, and surface water samples. Values for upstream and receiving waters in September were lower than for sampling events in June and December, indicating an expected dilution effect across the watershed. Chemical diversity was greatest for all surface water samples in December, but only upstream surface water showed a dramatic five-fold increase in relative chemical abundance. Chemical abundance in on-site water and downstream surface water was equal to or lower than the September storm dilution effect. These data suggest that the land treatment system is functionally and hydrologically robust to extreme storm events and contributed to dilution of upstream chemical reservoirs for downstream receiving waters for months after the storm. check details Similar systems may embody one water reuse strategy robust to the increasing occurrence of extreme precipitation events.

Contemporary human populations are exposed to elevated concentrations of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalates. Some metabolites have been linked with altered thyroid function, however, inconsistencies exist across thyroid function biomarkers. Research on OPEs is sparse, particularly during pregnancy, when maintaining normal thyroid function is critical to maternal and fetal health. In this paper, we aimed to characterize relationships between OPEs and phthalates exposure and maternal thyroid function during pregnancy, using a cross-sectional investigation of pregnant women nested within the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort (MoBa).

We included 473 pregnant women, who were euthyroid and provided bio-samples at 17 weeks' gestation (2004-2008). Four OPE and six phthalate metabolites were measured from urine; six thyroid function biomarkers were estimated from blood. Relationships between thyroid function biomarkers and log-transformed concentrations of OPE and phthalate metabolites were char case of ∑DiNP and TT3TT4 ratio (-0.48 [-0.96, 0.003]).

Maternal thyroid function varied modestly with ∑DiNP, whereas results for DPHP varied by the type of statistical models.

Maternal thyroid function varied modestly with ∑DiNP, whereas results for DPHP varied by the type of statistical models.Air pollution control devices (APCDs) have been fitted to many coal-fired power plants to decrease the impacts of pollutants generated during coal combustion. APCDs remove conventional pollutants but also decrease volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. In this study, flue gas samples were collected from different points in seven typical coal-fired power and two industrial boilers, and the VOC concentrations in the flue gas samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems and electrostatic precipitators (ESP) can synergistically remove VOCs, the mean removal rate of VOCs by ESP was 42% ± 9%. This was caused by the catalyst in SCR systems and the condensation process in the ESP. Wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) affected different VOCs in different ways, increasing the halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations but decreasing the oxygenated VOCs concentrations by 12%. Wet electrostatic precipitators (WESP) increased VOC emissions. By calculating Ozone formation potential (OFP), aromatic hydrocarbons are important contributors to ozone production. The emission factor of the power plant was 0.69 g/GJ, and the Chinese annual emission was about 1.2 × 104 t. VOCs emissions in different regions were affected by factors such as the economy and population. VOC emissions can be decreased by using the most appropriate unit load and improving the VOC removal efficiencies of the APCDs.Oil spills near natural water bodies pose considerable threats to aquatic ecosystem and drinking water system. Various detection techniques have been developed to identify the oil pollution in natural waters. These techniques mainly focus on large and major oil spills involving significant changes in environmental characteristics. However, monitoring of minor oil spills (from seepage and dripping) in waters remains a bottleneck, allowing inconspicuous and persistent oil contamination. To overcome this drawback, a sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) sensor equipped with a vertical floating cathode is developed for on-line and in-situ monitoring of minor oil spills in natural waters. link2 The vertical floating cathode was intended for recognizing oil on water surface. Oil on the cathode will trigger current drop. Two kinds of natural sediments were adopted in two sensors (SMFC1 from a lake and SMFC2 from an urban stream) for comparison. link3 Both showed linear relationship between net steady-state current decrease and oil dose (30.78 and 27.29 μA/mL of sensitivity, respectively). The current change process was fitted well to a pseudo-first order kinetic equation. A one-point/two-point dynamic identification methods were derived from the kinetic equation. Therefore, the detection time was shortened from 10 h to 10/30 min. The triggered current decrease was mainly attributed to the increase in internal resistance related to charge and mass transfer. Despite the power loss after oil contamination, results implied SMFC sensor could still achieve self-sustainability. This study shows that the SMFC sensor with vertical floating cathodes is applicable to monitoring the unnoticeable minor oil pollutions in natural waters.Biochar application into the soils has been reported to have huge carbon sequestration potential, although it remains unclear that how the biochar aging in the soil affects its mechanical properties and soil CO2 and N2O emissions. This work assessed the impact of soil biochar aging on its physicochemical properties, microbiota community in the biochar, and soil CO2 and N2O emissions. Various characterizations (e.g., SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR) of fresh and aged biochar indicated that soil minerals accumulated on the biochar during the field aging process, forming organo-mineral complexes and blocking the cracks and channels on the biochar. The measured hardness and compressive strength of aged biochar were significantly higher than those of fresh biochar, consistent with the presence of soil minerals on the aged biochar. The soil CO2 and N2O emissions were significantly decreased after the addition of aged biochar particles, as compared to fresh biochar particles. This was probably because that the improved mechanical properties could inhibit the fragmentation of biochar particles, reducing the release of labile fractions from the biochar and the subsequent CO2 and N2O emissions. Moreover, the presence of CO2-fixing bacteria (e.g., Chloroflexi) and inhibited nitrification and ammonia oxidation in aged biochar particles might also reduce CO2 and N2O emissions. These findings suggest aged biochar particles with improved physical stability to the soil could enhance soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission reduction.River sediments generally act as a sink for trace elements but, when resuspended, they contribute to long-term downstream transport of contamination, which may finally reach the marine environment. This study analyzed these processes in a complex aquatic system that includes a contaminated tributary, the Lambro River (Northern Italy) and its recipient and main Italian watercourse, the Po River, with the prodelta in the Adriatic Sea. The study was conducted from a historical perspective which, covering the last 50 years, examined the main driving events such as the inputs of contaminants, the construction of WWTPs and the evolution of environmental legislation. The time trend of trace element contamination was analyzed in a sediment core collected in the Lambro River and dated 1962-2011. The highest enrichments were found for Hg, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd, which showed similar trends, with EF maxima in the '60s-'90s (172, 56, 40, 28 and 21, respectively), following industrial and urban development, and a general decreasing pattern after the late '90s. Only in the 2000s the ecological risk associated with metal contamination showed mean PEC Quotients stably below 1. The results of a literature survey on sedimentary trace elements in the Po River and the prodelta for the last 50 years were then compared to the Lambro sediment core. A significant contribution to Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg and Cd contamination was proved to derive from Lambro sediment transport. In the prodelta, increasing Ni and Cr concentrations were also evidenced, likely as a result of enhanced soil erosion in the Po basin. This study highlights the key role of WWTPs, of lower-impact industrial processes and of environmental legislation in reducing contaminant inputs. It also emphasizes the active contribution of riverine sediment-bound contamination to long-distance marine sediment quality.A burgeoning body of literature shows a positive relationship between body functionality and positive body image. Although still nascent, research centring experiences of people with disabilities and bodily differences develops this literature. In this article, we offer directions for this research, bringing body functionality into dialogue with feminist materialist disability theory to examine relations between people's bodily perceptions and the socio-material worlds they occupy. Feminist disability theory re-imagines difference through an affirmative lens, conceptualising body image as relational and processual, and approaching difference through four orientations difference is basic to the world; difference is not deficiency; difference is not the problem, our inhospitable and ableist world is; and centring difference exposes the mythical norm. We apply this lens to body functionality research, and outline implications for research, practice, and theory, arguing that building a bridge between these frameworks offers a stepping off point for exciting directions for body image research.