Davismouritzen1938

Perceived discrimination is a risk factor for poor mental health. However, most studies measure discrimination at one time point, which does not account for heterogeneity in the cumulative patterning of exposure to discrimination. To address this gap, we examine the association between discrimination trajectories and depressive symptoms among black middle-aged and older adults.

Data were analyzed from a subsample of black Health and Retirement Study respondents (2006-2018,

= 2926, older than 50 years). General discrimination and racial discrimination trajectories were constructed based on the Everyday Discrimination Scale using repeated measures latent profile analyses. We examined the extent to which the association between discrimination trajectories are differentially associated with depressive symptoms (8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale) using negative binomial regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Effect modification by age and gender was tested.

Individues of racial discrimination may inform risk of worse depressive symptoms more accurately than a single assessment of discrimination.

Characterizing longitudinal patterns of perceived discrimination may facilitate the stratification of mental health risk and vulnerability among black middle-aged and older adults. Trajectories of racial discrimination may inform risk of worse depressive symptoms more accurately than a single assessment of discrimination.Quantifying phenotypes is a common practice for addressing questions regarding morphological variation. The time dedicated to data acquisition can vary greatly depending on methods and on the required quantity of information. Optimizing digitization effort can be done either by pooling datasets among users, by automatizing data collection, or by reducing the number of measurements. Pooling datasets among users is not without risk since potential errors arising from multiple operators in data acquisition prevent combining morphometric datasets. We present an analytical workflow to estimate within and among operator biases and to assess whether morphometric datasets can be pooled. We show that pooling and sharing data requires careful examination of the errors occurring during data acquisition, that the choice of morphometric approach influences amount of error, and that in some cases pooling data should be avoided. The demonstration is based on a worked example (Sus scrofa teeth) using a combinations of 18 morphometric approaches and datasets for which we identified and quantified several potential sources of errors in the workflow. We show that it is possible to estimate the analytical power of a study using a small subset of data to select the best morphometric protocol and to optimize the number of variables necessary for analysis. In particular, we focus on semi-landmarks, which often produce an inflation of variables in contrast to the number of available observations use in statistical testing. We show how the workflow can be used for optimizing digitization efforts and provide recommendations for best practices in error management.

Assessment of

copy number in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is essential to establish careful genotype-phenotype correlations and predict disease evolution. This issue is becoming crucial in the present scenario of therapeutic advances with the perspective of SMA neonatal screening and early diagnosis to initiate treatment, as this value is critical to stratify patients for clinical trials and to define those eligible to receive medication. Several technical pitfalls and interindividual variations may account for reported discrepancies in the estimation of

copy number and establishment of phenotype-genotype correlations.

We propose a management guide based on a sequence of specified actions once

copy number is determined for a given patient. Regardless of the method used to estimate the number of

copies, our approach focuses on the manifestations of the patient to recommend how to proceed in each case.

We defined situations according to

copy number in a presymptomatic scenario of screening, in which we predict the possible evolution, and when a symptomatic patient is genetically confirmed. Unexpected discordant cases include patients having a single

copy but noncongenital disease forms, 2

copies compatible with type II or III SMA, and 3 or 4 copies of the gene showing more severe disease than expected.

Our proposed guideline would help to systematically identify discordant SMA cases that warrant further genetic investigation. The

gene, as the main modifier of SMA phenotype, deserves a more in-depth study to provide more accurate genotype-phenotype correlations.

Our proposed guideline would help to systematically identify discordant SMA cases that warrant further genetic investigation. The SMN2 gene, as the main modifier of SMA phenotype, deserves a more in-depth study to provide more accurate genotype-phenotype correlations.[This corrects the article DOI 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10958.].

To achieve high-quality, patient-centered care, teaching programs across health professions must prepare their learners to work in effective teams. We created a simulation activity to formatively assess interprofessional objectives in graduating medical, nursing, and pharmacy students. This simulation also gave learners an opportunity to practice clinical airway resuscitation skills.

The simulation featured a decompensating adult asthmatic with a chief complaint of shortness of breath and a final diagnosis of severe asthma exacerbation and respiratory failure. Students completed a prebrief to formulate a plan and then interacted with a mannequin. Faculty led a debriefing and completed assessments of the team's performance. The students completed a questionnaire assessing their own and the team's performance.

Four sessions were held over a 2-year period. A total of 91 graduating students participated in the activity 33 from Baylor College of Medicine, 26 from University of Houston College of Pharmacy, and 28 from Texas Woman's University Nelda C. Stark College of Nursing. anti-TIGIT inhibitor Postsession questionnaire data demonstrated very good overall team performance and good individual performance. Student comments demonstrated an understanding of the importance of teamwork and thoughtful reflection on their own areas for improvement. All students rated the activity as valuable and effective. Multirater assessments of the students found that most met three of the four objectives.

This activity allows for real-time formative assessment with a focus on roles, communication, and managing difficult situations. The debriefing demonstrates the students' understanding of interprofessional goals in providing effective patient-centered care.

This activity allows for real-time formative assessment with a focus on roles, communication, and managing difficult situations. The debriefing demonstrates the students' understanding of interprofessional goals in providing effective patient-centered care.