Davidsentychsen8663

Finally, a Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) was developed for four groups of pedestrians. The results show that pedestrians' behaviour differentiate based on latent variables. It was found that being accompanied by a child increases the probability of using an overpass even for pedestrians in group 4 with high risk-taking propensity, but it was more important for pedestrians in group 3 who held positive perceptions of overpasses and negative perceptions of NDP. Also, during congestion, group 4 was more inclined to cross at NDP. It was concluded that in the first group, unsafe choices among student respondents could be associated with their facility perceptions rather than their risk-taking/conformity. Results of this study can be helpful in selecting more appropriate locations for overpasses and crosswalks installation based on pedestrians' behaviour.

Neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) carries the risk of significant long-term neurodevelopmental burden on survivors.

To assess the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of term neonates diagnosed with NAIS and investigate the associations among brain territorial involvement on MRI, clinical risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Population-based cohort study.

Seventy-nine term neonates with NAIS confirmed by MRI born between 2007 and 2017.

Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II, the Brunet-Lézine test and the Binet Intelligence scales-V.

Follow-up was available in 70 (89%) of the subjects enrolled, at a median age of 60months [IQR 35-84]. Normal neurodevelopmental outcome was found in 43% of the patients. In a multivariable model, infants with main MCA stroke had an increased risk for overall adverse outcome (OR 9.1, 95% CI 1.7-48.0) and a particularly high risk for cerebral palsy (OR 55.9, 95% CI 7.8-399.2). The involvement of the corticospinal tract without extensive stroke also increased the risk for cerebral palsy/fine motor impairment (OR 13.5, 95% CI 2.4-76.3). Multiple strokes were associated with epilepsy (OR 9.5, 95% CI 1.0-88.9) and behavioral problems (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.1-17.5) and inflammation/infection was associated with cerebral palsy (OR 9.8, 95% CI 1.4-66.9), cognitive impairment (OR 9.2, 95% CI 1.8-47.8) and epilepsy (OR 10.3, 95% CI 1.6-67.9).

Main MCA stroke, involvement of the corticospinal tract, multiple strokes and inflammation/infection were independent predictors of adverse outcome, suggesting that the interplay of stroke territorial involvement and clinical risk factors influence the outcome of NAIS.

Main MCA stroke, involvement of the corticospinal tract, multiple strokes and inflammation/infection were independent predictors of adverse outcome, suggesting that the interplay of stroke territorial involvement and clinical risk factors influence the outcome of NAIS.

This study aims to understand the neural and hemodynamic responses during general anesthesia in order to develop a comprehensive multimodal anesthesia depth monitor using simultaneous functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Electroencephalogram (EEG).

37 adults and 17 children were monitored with simultaneous fNIRS and EEG, during the complete general anesthesia process. The coupling of fNIRS signals with neuronal signals (EEG) was calculated. Measures of complexity (sample entropy) and phase difference were also quantified from fNIRS signals to identify unique fNIRS based biomarkers of general anesthesia.

A significant decrease in the complexity and power of fNIRS signals characterize the anesthesia maintenance phase. Furthermore, responses to anesthesia vary between adults and children in terms of neurovascular coupling and frontal EEG alpha power.

This study shows that fNIRS signals could reliably quantify the underlying neuronal activity under general anesthesia and clearly distinguish the different phases throughout the procedure in adults and children (with less accuracy).

A multimodal approach incorporating the specific differences between age groups, provides a reliable measure of anesthesia depth.

A multimodal approach incorporating the specific differences between age groups, provides a reliable measure of anesthesia depth.

To assess whether ictal electric source imaging (ESI) on low-density scalp EEG can approximate the seizure onset zone (SOZ) location and predict surgical outcome in children with refractory epilepsy undergoing surgery.

We examined 35 children with refractory epilepsy. We dichotomized surgical outcome into seizure- and non-seizure-free. We identified ictal onsets recorded with scalp and intracranial EEG and localized them using equivalent current dipoles and standardized low-resolution magnetic tomography (sLORETA). We estimated the localization accuracy of scalp EEG as distance of scalp dipoles from intracranial dipoles. We also calculated the distances of scalp dipoles from resection, as well as their resection percentage and compared between seizure-free and non-seizure-free patients. PI3K inhibitor We built receiver operating characteristic curves to test whether resection percentage predicted outcome.

Resection distance was lower in seizure-free patients for both dipoles (p=0.006) and sLORETA (p=0.04). Resection percentage predicted outcome with a sensitivity of 57.1% (95% CI, 34-78.2%), a specificity of 85.7% (95% CI, 57.2-98.2%) and an accuracy of 68.6% (95% CI, 50.7-83.5%) (p=0.01).

Ictal ESI performed on low-density scalp EEG can delineate the SOZ and predict outcome.

Such an application may increase the number of children who are referred for epilepsy surgery and improve their outcome.

Such an application may increase the number of children who are referred for epilepsy surgery and improve their outcome.There is an ongoing debate if Lateralized Periodic Discharges (LPDs) represent an interictal pattern reflecting non-specific but irritative brain injury, or conversely, is an ictal pattern. The challenge is how to correctly manage these patients? Between this apparent dichotomous distinction, there is a pattern lying along the interictal-ictal continuum (IIC) that we may call "peri-ictal". Peri-ictal means that LPDs are temporally associated with epileptic seizures (although not necessarily in the same recording). Their recognition should lead to careful EEG monitoring and longer periods of video-EEG to detect seizure activity (clinical and/or subclinical seizures). In order to distinguish which kind of LPDs should be considered as representing interictal/irritative brain injury versus ictal/peri-ictal LPDs, a set of criteria, with both clinical/neuroimaging and EEG, is proposed. Among them, the dichotomy LPDs-proper versus LPDs-plus should be retained. Spiky or sharp LPDs followed by associated slow after-waves or periods of flattening giving rise to a triphasic morphology should be included in the definition of LPDs-plus.