Davidsenhoff8936

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an epidemic disease affecting millions worldwide; the majority being type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes mellitus has been shown to be an important risk factor for the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, which are becoming common in Ethiopia. Consequently, risk-reducing statin therapy is recommended for nearly all patients with T2DM at 40 years of age or older regardless of cholesterol level. However, some controversies exist regarding its safety. Objective The aim of this study was to assess and compare the levels of lipid profile, liver enzymes, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) among T2DM patients on statin therapy. Methodology A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 100 T2DM patients. The study participants were divided into four groups consisting of equal numbers of participants (n = 25). Group I, II, and III were T2DM patients who were on statin therapy for 14 days-6 months, 6-18 months and ˃1mong T2DM patients. © 2020 Habte et al.Background and Aim The imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems often leads to further oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of both diabetes and periodontal disease. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with periodontal disease (PD) under non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Materials and Methods In this double-blind clinical trial study, 50 T2DM patients with PD were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups and received 250 mg/day (2 tablets) either melatonin or placebo 1 h before bedtime for 8 weeks. The NSPT was performed for all patients in both groups at the beginning of the study. The serum levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results Supplementation with melatonin in adjunct to NSPT significantly increased the serum levels of TAC, SOD, CAT, and GPx in the intervention group (P = 0.02, 0.008, 0.004 and 0.004, respectively). The mean changes of SOD, CAT, and GPx were significantly (P = 0.02, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively) greater in the intervention group compared with the control group. Also, after adjusting for confounding factors, the results did not change in terms of significance (P less then 0.05). After the intervention, serum levels of MDA and IL-1b were significantly reduced in the intervention group (P less then 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). The intervention group exhibited lower mean changes of MDA compared with the control group, and these changes were statistically significant (P = 0.008). In addition, after adjusting for confounding factors, the results did not change in terms of significance. Conclusion The adjunctive effects of melatonin and NSPT may improve inflammatory and antioxidant parameters in T2DM patients with PD. © 2020 Zare Javid et al.Background Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing identifies pharmacotherapeutic risks to permit personalized therapy. Identifying the genetic profile of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who are considered for therapy with clopidogrel (P2Y12 receptor blockers) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) contributes to the treatment paradigm. Patient preferences would inform a collaborative framework and by extension inform healthcare policy formulation. Purpose To quantify stated preferences (willingness to pay) for attributes of a novel point-of-care PGx (CYP2C19) test using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) from the general public in Ontario, Canada, and to identify starting point bias of the cost attribute. 6-Thio-dG in vivo Methods A web survey was created and included a questionnaire, decision board, and a DCE. DCE choice sets include the following attributes (levels) sample collection (blood, finger prick, and cheek swab), turnaround time for results (1 hr, 3 days, and 1 week), and cost in additional insurance premiums. The presence of starting point bias (cost attribute levels of $0, $1, $5 or $0, $2, $10) in the estimation of willingness to pay (WTP) was tested. Results Estimates for turnaround time and cost attributes were statistically significant. Coefficients related to the starting point bias were also significant. Approximately 67% of survey participants chose the PGx test compared to status quo treatment options. WTP for a 1 hr turnaround time compared to a 1-week turnaround time was $10.77 (95% CI 9.58 -12.25). Conclusion This translational study shows preference for a point of care PGx test. © 2020 Bereza et al.Objective To assess the health economic impact of cervical screening with liquid based cytology (LBC) compared with conventional cytology (CC) in Germany. Methods An economic model was constructed depicting the management of a hypothetical cohort of women aged ≥20 years who undergo cervical screening in Germany. The model estimated the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of LBC compared with CC at 2017/18 prices over a time-horizon of 70 years. Results Performing cervical screens with LBC instead of CC is expected to increase the probability of detecting a true positive over a subject's lifetime by 73% (0.038 versus 0.022) and of diagnosing a subject with stage 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) (0.019 versus 0.011). Women screened with LBC instead of CC are expected to have a 57% reduction in the probability of having undetected CIN3 (0.006 versus 0.014) and to experience a 44% reduction in the probability of transitioning into disease progression (from 0.018 to 0.010). The mean discounted lifetime cost of healthcare resource use associated with performing cervical screens with LBC and CC was estimated at €4852 and €7523 per subject respectively. For every Euro invested in cervical screening with LBC instead of CC, the German healthcare system could potentially save ~€170 over a subject's lifetime. Conclusion Within the study's limitations, the analysis showed that LBC affords a cost-effective cervical screening test compared with CC in Germany, since it improves detection rates and has the potential to lead to a reduction in disease progression for less cost. © 2020 Armstrong and Guest.