Daughertywelsh1082

© The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Health reform and the merits of Medicaid expansion remain at the top of the legislative agenda, with growing evidence suggesting an impact on cancer care and outcomes. A systematic review was undertaken to assess the association between Medicaid expansion and the goals of the ACA in the context of cancer care. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the currently published literature and to determine the effects of Medicaid expansion on outcomes during points along the cancer care continuum. METHODS A systematic search for relevant studies was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Three independent observers used an abstraction form to code outcomes and perform a quality and risk of bias assessment using predefined criteria. RESULTS 48 studies were identified. The most common outcomes assessed were the impact of Medicaid expansion on insurance coverage (23.4% of studies), followed by evaluation of racial and/or socioeconomic disparities (17.4%) and access to screening (14.5%). Medicaid expansion was associated with increases in coverage for cancer patients and survivors, as well as reduced racial- and income-related disparities. CONCLUSIONS Medicaid expansion has led to improved access to insurance coverage among cancer patients and survivors, particularly among low-income and minority populations. This review highlights important gaps in the existing oncology literature, including a lack of studies evaluating changes in treatment and access to end-of-life care following implementation of expansion. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.This systematic review assessed outcomes after using human milk-derived fortifier (HMF) compared with bovine milk-derived fortifier (BMF) in preterm infants. Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed the following results 1) lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; ≥Stage II) (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.15, 0.95; P = 0.04, I2 = 9%; n = 334, 4 RCTs) and surgical NEC (RR 0.13; 95% CI 0.02, 0.67; P = 0.02, I2 = 0%; n = 209, 3 RCTs) in the HMF group; 2) no significant difference in mortality (RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.14, 1.15; P = 0.09, I2 = 0%; n = 334, 4 RCTs); 3) lower weight gain in the HMF group [mean difference (MD) = -1.08 g · kg-1 · d-1; 95% CI -1.96, -0.21 g · kg-1 · d-1; P = 0.02, I2 = 0%; n = 241, 4 RCTs]; 4) no differences for length (MD = -0.11 cm/wk; 95% CI -0.26, 0.04 cm/wk; P = 0.14, I2 = 68%) and head circumference (MD = -0.02 cm/wk; 95% CI -0.08, 0.05 cm/wk; P = 0.59, I2 = 23%); and 5) no significant difference in late-onset sepsis (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.56, 1.67; P = 0.90, I2 = 63%; n = 334, 4 RCTs). The beneficial effects of HMF for NEC were no longer significant in sensitivity analyses after excluding studies with high risk of bias. Quality of evidence as per Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis was low to very low, and hence the confidence in these results is low. In summary, fortification of milk in preterm infants with HMF compared with BMF decreased the risk of NEC but was associated with lower weight gain. Given the low quality of evidence, adequately powered and well-designed RCTs without the influence of industry are required in this field. Copyright © The Author(s) 2020.Prairie dogs (genus Cynomys) are a charismatic symbol of the American West. Their large social aggregations and complex vocalizations have been the subject of scientific and popular interest for decades. A large body of literature has documented their role as keystone species of western North America's grasslands They generate habitat for other vertebrates, increase nutrient availability for plants, and act as a food source for mammalian, squamate and avian predators. An additional keystone role lies in their extreme susceptibility to sylvatic plague (caused by Yersinia pestis), which results in periodic population extinctions, thereby generating spatio-temporal heterogeneity in both biotic communities and ecological processes. Here, we report the first Cynomys genome for a Gunnison's prairie dog (C. Apamin cell line gunnisoni gunnisoni) from Telluride, Colorado (USA). The genome was constructed using a hybrid assembly of PacBio and Illumina reads and assembled with MaSuRCA and PBJelly, which resulted in a scaffold N50 of 824 kb. Total genome size was 2.67 Gb, with 32.46% of the bases occurring in repeat regions. We recovered 94.9% (91% complete) of the single copy orthologs using the mammalian BUSCO database and detected 49,377 gene models (332,141 coding regions). PSMC showed support for long-term stable population size followed by a steady decline beginning near the end of the Pleistocene, as well as a recent population reduction. The genome will aid in studies of chromosome evolution, disease resistance, and the genomic basis of life history traits in ground squirrels. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.MOTIVATION Oxford Nanopore technologies (ONT) add miniaturization and real-time to high-throughput sequencing. All available software for ONT data analytics run on cloud/clusters or personal computers. Instead, a linchpin to true portability is software that works on mobile devices of internet connections. Smartphones' and tablets' chipset/memory/operating systems differ from desktop computers, but software can be recompiled. We sought to understand how portable current ONT analysis methods are. RESULTS Several tools, from base-calling to genome assembly, were ported and benchmarked on an Android smartphone. Out of 23 programs, 11 succeeded. Recompilation failures included lack of standard headers and unsupported instruction sets. Only DSK, BCALM2 and Kraken were able to process files up to 16GB, with linearly scaling CPU-times. However, peak CPU temperatures were high. In conclusion, the portability scenario is not favorable. Given the fast market growth, attention of developers to ARM chipsets and Android/iOS is warranted, as well as initiatives to implement mobile-specific libraries.