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7% of interns and partially by 17.3%. The SASPAS influenced the evolution of the professional project (P= 0.026). The multiplication of liberal practice internships during residency favored subsequent liberal practice (P<0.001). The main factors declared in the development of professional projects were training (77.3%) and family situation (53.1%).

This cohort follow-up showed that more than two thirds of the residents followed their initial project. MMP inhibitor Identification and support of these individual projects during residency could be a way to promote their realization.

This cohort follow-up showed that more than two thirds of the residents followed their initial project. Identification and support of these individual projects during residency could be a way to promote their realization.

In a legal context focused on the right and autonomy of the patient, some women wish to be able to choose their mode of childbirth. As midwives are primary care-givers for pregnant women with a physiological pregnancy, we wanted to find out whether it was ethically acceptable for them to accompany a woman in her decision to have a caesarean section.Purpose of research This survey is an ancillary study of the CESARIA research program validated by the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Méditerranée IV and declared to the CNIL. Thirty-seven semi-directive interviews were conducted with midwives and women.

The majority of women and midwives share a vision of childbirth as “natural” and consider the request for caesarean section as a pathology. When formulated, this request places midwives in a situation of ethical tension. On the one hand, midwives wish to refer women to vaginal birth as the norm, and this choice embodies the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. On the other hand, midwives express a desire to respect patient choice and freedom, illustrating the ethical principle of respect for autonomy.

The ethical issue of caesarean section on demand lies not so much in the decision to accept or not to accept a caesarean section but rather in listening to the request. Taking into consideration a medical indication more broadly than the simple obstetrical indication makes it possible to ethically support these requests while respecting the pregnant woman’s autonomy.

The ethical issue of caesarean section on demand lies not so much in the decision to accept or not to accept a caesarean section but rather in listening to the request. Taking into consideration a medical indication more broadly than the simple obstetrical indication makes it possible to ethically support these requests while respecting the pregnant woman’s autonomy.

Cervical cancer is the cause of 311,000 deaths each year worldwide and 1,540 deaths in Cameroon. It is a public health problem, but only one in ten women is screened for cervical cancer screening in Cameroon. Little data is available on the KAPs of health professionals in the Mifi Health District, in the west Region of Cameroon. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of these professionals vis-à-vis cervical cancerResults Overall, 200 health professionals were interviewed. Regarding the knowledge of the cause of cervical cancer, only 35% of participants were able to declare HPV. With regards to prevention measures, 32% of health professionals knew HPV vaccine. Regarding the perception of the disease; 79.3% of Physicians evoked cervical cancer as severe disease. Concerning the practice of screening, only 15% of health professionals routinely advise screening.

Health workers in the health district of Mifi have poor knowledge on cervical cancer and weak practice of screening. Training of health professionals and the development of cervical cancer screening units are needed.

Health workers in the health district of Mifi have poor knowledge on cervical cancer and weak practice of screening. Training of health professionals and the development of cervical cancer screening units are needed.Purpose of research This study, conducted at the initiative of the French academic college of public health, aimed to describe, from the point of view of public health physicians, the outlines and organization of public health activities within French university hospitals. In the first half of 2018, a survey was sent to physicians in charge of public health specialties and to chiefs of public health divisions from the 41 French university hospitals. The survey was supplemented by 10 telephone interviews.Results Among the 33 hospitals from which we received answers, 28 had a division that encompassed the majority of public health activities, usually combined with other disciplines (occupational medicine, pharmacy…). The existence of a public health division improved the visibility of this specialty and allowed to leverage its strengths. Epidemiology, biostatistics and health information were the most represented activities. Several public health activities were shared with other divisions and directions (healthcare quality and safety, infection control, etc.), due, in part, to a lack of public health physicians. Most respondents cited health promotion, health economics and big data analytics as activities that need to be developed in their institution.Conclusion While most institutions have an identified public health division, their organizations are still heterogeneous and constantly evolving. Despite several difficulties, hospital public health activities are more diversified than before, but need the collaboration of extra hospital public health departments to progress.Tobacco control strategies, considered legitimate and effective, are rarely the subject of critical analysis in France. This is specifically true with regard to their potentially harmful effects, particularly against people who continue to smoke. This article introduces this debate, focusing on the potentially stigmatizing effects of anti-smoking policies. It has been attested by numerous international studies, and by a study in France, that the general process of tobacco denormalization has led to the stigmatization of smokers who then may be subject to discrimination. To the extent that smoking is now concentrated in the most disadvantaged socio-economic populations in France, the latter are thus more exposed to stigma. While underscoring the need to develop targeted interventions against them, this article also warns and calls for vigilance regarding the potential iatrogenic effects of these interventions. It is therefore necessary to develop research and evaluations on this subject in order to accurately measure the effects of these interventions, particularly in terms of stigmatization and self-stigma, and to ensure that public health actors do not generate more problems than they solve.