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0 A/g and a sufficient capacitance of 390 F/g at 30.0 A/g. This work therefore provides design guidance for carbon hosts in high-performance supercapacitor composite electrodes.The V(IV)-organic complexes are difficult to be removed from water by the traditional water treatment processes due to their strong mobility, high stability, and possible formation of V(V) with stronger toxicity during oxidation. In this study, we applied a natural iron-based ore, pyrite, to catalyze peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation assisted with alkali precipitation to remove V(IV) containing complexes. The effects of initial V(IV)-citrate concentration, PMS concentration, ore dosage and natural anions were comprehensively investigated using citric acid as a model ligand. Results showed that pyrite can effectively purify V(IV)-citrate. Specifically, 99.4 ± 0.4% of total vanadium and 73.6 ± 0.9% of total organic carbon are removed, and the pyrite maintained high catalytic activity after multiple uses. Characterization analyses revealed that free metal ions including Fe and V(IV) ions in the solution were removed by subsequent alkali precipitation. Radical quenching experiments indicated that sulfate radical (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radical (HO•) were generated and SO4•- is the primary reactive oxygen species. This study provides an effective strategy treating V(IV)-citrate complexes in contaminated water using low-cost natural ore.The accumulation of non-degradable microplastics (MPs) originated from the mass production and huge consumption of plastics of modern industry in the water environment has resulted in severe pollution problems globally. Herein, we report for the first time the preparation of holey Ti3C2Tx (h-Ti3C2Tx) membranes obtained by etching Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded on Ti3C2Tx nanosheets followed by simple vacuum filtration using polymeric membranes as supporting matrix for efficient removal of MPs from wastewater. The h-Ti3C2Tx nanosheets exhibit a planar porous structure which present nano-holes with an average hole-size of 25 nm in diameter, which facilitated the construction of membranes with better water flux for the separation of MPs. Using fluorescent PS (FP) microspheres of different diameters as microplastic models, the obtained h-Ti3C2Tx membranes exhibited extremely high MPs removal performance (up to 99.3% under our conditions). Moreover, a large water flux of 196.7 L h-1 m-2 k Pa-1 can be obtained, which can compete or be larger than that of most of the membranes composed of untreated two-dimension nanomaterials. Due to the physicochemical stability, tremendous large water reflux, and the high MPs removal efficiency of h-Ti3C2Tx membranes, there may be a great potential for practical applications in the separation and removal of various contaminants such as MPs or suspended solids from water.The in-situ relative detection efficiency strongly influences the characteristics of the k0-based internal monostandard neutron activation analysis (IM-NAA). In the present work, various mathematical functions were explored for the establishment of in-situ relative detector efficiency calibration and compared their performance based on the reduced chi-square (χ2) values. Among the various mathematical functions, the polynomial logarithm with 6th order was found to be associated with the minimum mean standard deviation for the experimental data and the lowest value of reduced χ2 after carrying out multiple iterations using Nelder-Mead algorithm. Quality assurance of the function was tested by carrying out elemental quantification of the NIST SRM 1633b coal fly ash. Gamma energies of the activation products, 152mEu, 59Fe, 140La, 24Na and 46Sc of the irradiated NIST standard were used for the in-situ relative full energy peak efficiency calibration of 30% HPGe detector. The sample was counted for different time intervals for the complete profiling of the elements present in the NIST SRM. The deviations for most of the elements were found to be within ±5% with respect to the certified values and ξ-score values were within ±2, demonstrating its better accuracy. This method was also applied satisfactorily to profile the elemental concentrations of alloy materials used in a thermal sensor guide tube of the steam generator in a test reactor.This paper presents a detailed statistical analysis of experimental results of dynamic breakdown voltage and electrical breakdown time delay for xenon-filled diode. These quantities have a stochastic nature and they were measured in the cases when the xenon-filled diode was and was not exposed to a gamma radiation source, with exposure dose rate 7.7⋅10-12 C/(kg⋅s). The static breakdown voltage was estimated based on dynamic breakdown voltage as a function of voltage increase rate. The applicability of certain distributions to experimental dynamic breakdown voltage and electrical breakdown time delay data was also analyzed.

Conventional total knee arthroplasty (CONV-TKA) inevitably perturbs femoral medullary canal, disturbs medullary micro-architecture and increases blood loss and inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that avoidance of intramedullary violation may lower the incidence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The aim of this study was to verify whether computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (CAS-TKA) lowers the incidence of PJI as compared with CONV-TKA.

A propensity score matching study of 5342 patients who underwent CAS-TKA (n=1085) or CONV-TKA (n=4257) for primary osteoarthritis of the knee from 2007 to 2015 in our institute was performed. Patients who underwent CAS-TKA were matched to those who received CONV-TKA at a 12 ratio according to demographics and comorbidities. PJI was defined according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Society diagnostic criteria from the 2013 International Consensus Meeting.

After controlling potential risk factors, the use of CAS-TKA resulted in a lower incidence of PJI as compared with CONV-TKA [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.18-0.99]. The same trend in PJI reduction was observed with the usage of CAS-TKA under sensitivity testing [HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12-0.95]. The cumulative incidence of PJI was lower in the CAS-TKA group than the CONV-TKA group (log-rank test, p=0.013).

Avoidance of intramedullary violation during TKA may play a pivotal role in lowering the incidence of PJI. buy Thymidine The use of CAS-TKA can reduce the incidence of PJI, with a better survival rate in terms of being free of PJI, as compared with CONV-TKA.

Objects that manifest in several characteristic shapes, or morphotypes, are typically caused by some hidden variable. For example, the gender of a person influences the width of their pelvis. This is important when reconstructing natural shapes, e.g., in knee implant design. The aim of this study was to identify such morphotypes.

This work investigated the shapes of roughly 1000 knee joints acquired from computed tomography, including the distal femur and proximal tibia. Two comprehensive feature sets were utilized to describe the bone shapes, one based on morphological measurements and the other on statistical shape model (SSM) weights. We normalized the data by size and performed a cluster analysis with different algorithms, namely k-means and high dimensional data clustering. The clusters were evaluated using several metrics.

The data showed a low tendency to form clusters. Only one of 12 experiments slightly exceeded the thresholds for actual clusters suggested by the literature. k-Means outperformed high dimensional data clustering in all cases.

After anisotropic normalization by size, which removes size and aspect ratio related differences, the data exhibited no morphotypes. This showed that there are no relevant hidden variables, e.g., gender, body type or ethnicity, which influence the shape of the knee joint. Instead, knee shape is highly individual. Investigating the three-dimensional shape, variations occur for a wide range of different shape parameters, not just for anterior-posterior and mediolateral size.

After anisotropic normalization by size, which removes size and aspect ratio related differences, the data exhibited no morphotypes. This showed that there are no relevant hidden variables, e.g., gender, body type or ethnicity, which influence the shape of the knee joint. Instead, knee shape is highly individual. Investigating the three-dimensional shape, variations occur for a wide range of different shape parameters, not just for anterior-posterior and mediolateral size.

This study aimed to (1) determine whether the hip to ankle (HA) line or hip to calcaneus (HC) line better reflects knee coronal plane kinetics, (2) to examine whether the HC line reflects ankle coronal plane kinetics, and (3) to evaluate the radiological and biomechanical aspects of ankle in varus knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Full-length, postero-anterior radiographs (hip-to-calcaneus radiographs) were taken and gait analysis was performed in 21 varus knee OA patients. The %HA where the HA lines pass through the tibial plateau, and the %HC and the mechanical ankle joint axis point (MAJAP), where the HC line passes through the tibial plateau and tibial plafond, respectively, were calculated. Knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI) and ankle inversion angular impulse (AIAI) were collected as kinetic data. Finally, we divided the patients into two groups with and without ankle OA, and compared each parameter between both groups.

The %HA and %HC were correlated with KAAI (%HA; r=-0.68, P=0.001, %HC; r=-0.81, P<0.001, respectively) and MAJAP was correlated with AIAI (r=-0.55, P=0.009). MAJAP was significantly smaller, and KAAI and AIAI were significantly larger in the ankle OA group.

Radiographic analysis using the HC line was more strongly correlated to knee joint kinetics than the HA line and was also correlated to ankle joint kinetics. Assessing lower limb alignment using the HC line could be useful to evaluate the knee and ankle joints for varus knee OA.

Radiographic analysis using the HC line was more strongly correlated to knee joint kinetics than the HA line and was also correlated to ankle joint kinetics. Assessing lower limb alignment using the HC line could be useful to evaluate the knee and ankle joints for varus knee OA.The comparative analysis of glasses based on refractive index (RI) is a widely used method in forensic examinations. However, it cannot be directly applied if the control sample has previously been altered by heat or fire, since RI can change significantly in this process. For this reason, the refractive index of the fragments recovered from the perpetrator's clothing can also differ from the control sample recovered after the fire, although they originate from the same source. In the present study, annealing was used as a possible way for the examination of glass microfragments exposed to heat. The appropriate conditions of annealing were investigated first. Then fragments from a toughened and a non-toughened glass were heated in a furnace for various times at 450 and 650 °C and cooled down immediately to model different heat expositions. It resulted in a significant change in the RIs in all cases. These fragments, together with the non-treated samples from the same pane of glasses, were annealed using the optimized parameters.