Damborgmcmahan2593

Furthermore, U1K2-X show the desirable repeatability. This study provides a new direction for the preparation of heteroatom-doped porous carbon nanofibers, which will be a promising material for gas adsorption.We prepared single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) suspensions in phosphate buffer solutions containing 1% of a coconut-based natural detergent (COCO) or 1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The suspensions exhibited strong photoluminescence (PL) in the near-infrared region, suggesting that the SWNTs, such as those with (9, 4) and (7, 6) chiralities, were monodispersed. Upon diluting the suspensions with a detergent-free phosphate buffer solution, the PL intensity of the SDS-containing SWNT suspension was significantly lower than that of the COCO-containing SWNT suspension. The COCO-containing SWNT suspension was more stable than the SDS-containing SWNT suspension. The SWNT concentration of the suspensions prepared via bath-type sonication was lower than that of the suspensions prepared via probe-type sonication. However, near-infrared (NIR) PL intensity of the SWNT suspensions prepared via bath-type sonication was much higher than that of the SWNT suspensions prepared via probe-type sonication regardless of the detergent. This suggested that the fraction of monodispersed SWNTs of the suspensions prepared via bath-type sonication was larger than that of the suspensions prepared via probe-type sonication, although the SWNT concentration was low. Our results indicated that COCO favored the fabrication of SWNT suspensions with stable and strong NIR PL, which are useful for various biological applications.The mechanism of photodegradation of organic pollutants in seawater by TiO2-based catalysts irradiated by visible light was first explored by adding holes and free radical traps. The results showed that the photogenerated holes formed by the catalyst played a key role in the degradation of organic pollutants, regardless of whether the photodegradation occurred in seawater or pure water. Considering that the Yb-TiO2-rGO catalyst has a strong adsorption for organics, the salt ion almost did not interfere with the adsorption of pollutants by Yb-TiO2-rGO. Therefore, the degradation performance of Yb-TiO2-rGO did not remarkably change in the two water systems. For P25-ZN with a weak adsorption capacity for organics, several salt ions in the seawater hindered the contact of pollutants with the catalyst surface. Thus, the degradation rate of P25-ZN for phenol was significantly reduced. After the solvothermal reduction treatment for catalysts using ethylene glycol (EG) as the solvent, the increase in the Ti3+ content in the catalyst improved the visible-light response and activity of the catalyst. In addition, a small amount of EG grafted on the catalyst surface promoted the photocatalytic reaction process on the catalyst surface, thereby effectively resisting the interference of salt ions.Factors influencing the desorption, distribution, and vertical migration behavior of Be in contaminated soils are not fully understood. This study examined the desorption and migration of Be in a soil profile from a legacy radioactive waste disposal site using different batch leaching [monofilled waste extraction procedure (MWEP); synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP); simulated acid rain solution (SARS); and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure] and sequential leaching [community bureau of reference (BCR)] methods for insights relevant to the application of risk-based management. The results showed that Be desorption was higher in the presence of organic than the inorganic leachate composition (MWEP 0), enthalpically and entropically influenced. Increasing the incubation period and heat treatment resulted in a decrease of Be desorption and migration. The soil clay content and pH were the primary factors influencing Be desorption, and the results suggested that Be was desorbed from metal oxyhydroxides and surfaces of silicates (e.g., reactive surfaces of clay minerals), organic matters, and soil pores. Because of high K d values, the mobility of Be was limited, and no exceedances of ecological or human health risk index or guidelines were determined for the current contamination levels at the site. However, Be released from the waste trenches has the ongoing potential to increase Be concentration in the soil.The geochemical characteristics of mantle degassing observed on the surface of the earth can indicate the origin and migration path of mantle fluids. Compared with the plate boundary tectonic environment, the intraplate tectonic environment does not have a large number of active volcanoes and active faults, and the observation of mantle volatiles in hot spring gas is relatively limited. We selected the Sichuan-Yunnan block to discuss mantle degassing based on the carbon and noble gas isotopes of the spring gases and previous studies on the fault slip rate and geophysical research. A total of five hot spring gas samples (including two free gases and three dissolved gases) were collected from the Sichuan-Yunnan block. Chemical and isotopic compositions were analyzed in N2-dominant hot spring gases. The 3He/4He ratio (0.068-0.541 R a) indicates the occurrence of mantle-derived helium throughout the Sichuan-Yunnan block, which has been diluted by a crustal radiogenic 4He component. The occurrence of mantle-derive. The low mantle-derived helium distribution pattern is most likely controlled by the weak fault activity rate, the small fault scale, and not obvious magmatic activity in the Sichuan-Yunnan block.Magnetite nanoparticles present attractive properties including high magnetization, low toxicity, adsorption capacity, and simple preparation, making them efficient in water purification processes, soil remediation, and biomedical applications. In this sense, there is growing interest in the production of magnetite nanoparticles; therefore, evaluating the performance of this process on a large scale gives relevant information to process designers. In this work, the simulation and exergy analysis of large-scale production of magnetite nanoparticles via coprecipitation were performed using computer-aided tools. The process was modeled for the production of 807 t/year of magnetite nanoparticles; the data for the simulation were obtained from the literature, and experimental results were developed by the authors. The exergy efficiency of the process was estimated at 0.046%. The exergy of waste was estimated to be 105 313 MJ/h, while the unavoidable exergy losses were 2941 MJ/h. Washing 2 and 3 represented the most critical stages of the process, contributing 95.12% of the total irreversibilities due to the waste exergy, which corresponds to the water and ethanol exergy discarded in these stages. These results show that the process must be improved from the energy point of view and require the implementation of process optimization strategies to reach a more sustainable design.Energy-saving membrane separation for water purification is increasingly desired, which requires appropriate nanofiltration membranes enabling to reject undesired solutes efficiently and allows high permeation of water. Herein, we report the fabrication of three-dimensional lamellar reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hydrogel membranes with a one-step, environment-friendly and water/vapor interfacial hydrothermal assembly process and the corresponding aerogel membranes by the freeze-drying method. Selleck Ivacaftor The structures of the aerogel membranes can be tuned from lamellar to porously interconnected morphologies by controlling the volume of GO suspensions during the hydrothermal process. The rGO aerogel membrane was extremely flexible, which can be bent in liquid nitrogen and boiling water without any deformation, and highly stable in various solvents for at least 2 months. When used as nanofiltration membranes, the rGO aerogel membranes showed ∼100% rejection of organic dyes and a moderate water flux (up to 53 L m-2 h-1) only under the gravity of organic dye aqueous solutions of a 30 cm height. This water self-purification property of our flexible and stable aerogel membranes without extra energy consumption provides a possibility to make cheap, portable water purification devices for utilization in emergency and home-used water purification systems in the areas with electricity unavailable or inconvenient.This study demonstrates the application of Al2O3 coatings for the high-voltage cathode material LiNi0.5-x Mn1.5+x O4-δ (LNMO) by atomic layer deposition. The ultrathin and uniform coatings (0.6-1.7 nm) were deposited on LNMO particles and characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Galvanostatic charge discharge cycling in half cells revealed, in contrast to many published studies, that even coatings of a thickness of 1 nm were detrimental to the cycling performance of LNMO. The complete coverage of the LNMO particles by the Al2O3 coating can form a Li-ion diffusion barrier, which leads to high overpotentials and reduced reversible capacity. Several reports on Al2O3-coated LNMO using alternative coating methods, which would lead to a less homogeneous coating, revealed the superior electrochemical properties of the Al2O3-coated LNMO, suggesting that complete coverage of the particles might in fact be a disadvantage. We show that transition metal ion dissolution during prolonged cycling at 50 °C is not hindered by the coating, resulting in Ni and Mn deposits on the Li counter electrode. The Al2O3-coated LNMO particles showed severe signs of pitting dissolution, which may be attributed to HF attack caused by side reactions between the electrolyte and the Al2O3 coating, which can lead to additional HF formation. The pitting dissolution was most severe for the thickest coating (1.7 nm). link2 The uniform coating coverage may lead to non-uniform conduction paths for Li, where the active sites are more susceptible to HF attack. Few benefits of applications of very thin, uniform, and amorphous Al2O3 coatings could thus be verified, and the coating is not offering long-term protection from HF attack.The requirement of improving efficiency and performance leads to the continuous development of furnaces and burners. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish a model suitable for industrial production and adjust it according to industrial demand. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical model is developed to characterize the combustion, heat transfer, and slab heating in an indirect reheating furnace with pulse combustion. link3 To realize the pulse combustion process, a pulse control approach based on a user-defined function (UDF) was proposed to control the radiant tube burner state. Indirect heat transfer in the furnace was realized by coupling the radiant tubes and the furnace as a whole. In a simulation with the eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model, results from the four-step mechanism were in close accordance with those of the GRI 3.0 mechanism, and both mechanisms could describe the combustion process in detail. However, the calculation time of the EDC model with the four-step mechanism was reduced sigrner's combustion chamber was avoided and the full combustion of fuel in the radiant tubes was promoted, the flame intensity in the radiant tubes was enhanced and the maximum flame temperature reached 2196 K. At the same time, the mole fraction of CO at the outlet became smaller and the slab temperature in all zones of the furnace increased by more than 3.5%. This study showed that higher efficiency of an indirect reheating furnace with pulse combustion can be achieved by oxygen-enriched combustion and changing the inlet boundary of the burners.