Daltonburnett8716

0 to -20.0 mV) after the immobilization process were also observed. The results show that the designed biocatalytic system enables the removal of acid dyes (C.I. Reactive Black 5 and C.I. Acid Green 25) with high efficiency (99% and 70%, respectively). Mass spectroscopy analysis indicated possible degradation products formed by the cleavage of N=N and C-N bonds.Incremental techniques are always required for clinical cases of deep and/or large cavities restored with resin composite materials. The purpose of this study was to examine the bonding states of class 2 direct resin composite restoration applied by various incremental techniques after cyclic loading to simulate the intra-oral environment to define the appropriate technique. Three types of resin composites, namely, bulk-fill (B), flowable (F), and conventional resin composite (C), were applied to standardized class 2 cavities by incremental techniques with single- or bi-resin restoratives. After cyclic loading, the micro-tensile bond strength (μ-TBS) of the dentin cavity floor was measured. The Weibull modulus and Weibull stress values at 10%/90% probability of failure were analyzed. Single-resin incremental restorations with B or F and bi-resin incremental restorations with F + B and F + C demonstrated superior μ-TBS (quantitative ability), bonding reliability, and durability (qualitative ability) compared with the single-resin restoration with C (as control). Furthermore, F + B and F + C restoration yielded an excellent performance compared with the single-resin restorations with B, F, and C. In particular, the F + C restoration, which indicates not only the maximum mean µ-TBS, but also the highest values of the Weibull parameters, may be the optimal restoration method, including the esthetic benefits.When the direct tensile test is adopted to determine the interlayer tensile strength of the asphalt pavements, specimen separation or internal cracking often occurs at the bonding area of the loading head, rather than at the interlaminar bonding interface. In view of the tedious and discrete data of the direct tensile test, this paper attempts to introduce an indirect tensile test to determine the interlayer bond strength of asphalt pavement to solve this problem. However, the indirect tensile test method of a binder lacks the corresponding mechanical theory. This paper deduces the calculation formula of the indirect tensile strength of a binder based on elastic theory. A mechanical model of the test was established with the finite element method. In accordance with the two-dimensional elastic theory and the Flamant solution, an analytical solution of tensile stress in the indirect tensile test is proposed through the stress superposition. On this basis, the calculation formula for the indirect tensile strength of the interlaminar bonding is derived according to Tresca's law. A low-temperature indirect tensile test was designed and conducted to verify the correctness of the formula. GSK-3 inhibitor review By comparing the results of the indirect tensile test and direct tensile test, it is found that the interlaminar strength of the mixture measured by them is similar, and the dispersion of indirect tensile test results is small. The results show that the indirect tensile test can replace the direct tensile test to evaluate the interlaminar tensile strength.During the process of electroslag remelting (ESR) of steel containing titanium and aluminum, the activity ratio between titania and alumina in CaF2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 slag must be fixed in order to guarantee the titanium and aluminum contents in the ESR ingots. Under the condition of fixed activity ratio between titania and alumina in the slag, the melting temperature of slag should be investigated to improve the surface quality of ESR ingots. Therefore, this paper focuses on finding a kind of slag with low melting temperature that can be used for producing steel containing titanium. In the current study, the thermodynamic equilibrium of 3[Ti] + 2(Al2O3) = 4[Al] + 3(TiO2) between SUS321 steel and the two slag systems (CaF2MgOCaOAl2O3TiO2 = 46425(25 - x)x and CaF2MgOCaOAl2O3TiO2 = 464(25 - 0.5 x)(25 - 0.5 x)x) are studied in an electrical resistance furnace based on Factsage software. After obtaining the equilibrium slag with fixed activity ratio between titania and alumina, the melting temperatures of the two slag systems are studied using slag melting experimental measurements and phase diagrams. The results show that the slag systems CaF2MgOCaOAl2O3TiO2 = 46425(25 - x)x, which consists of pre-melted slag S0 (CaF2MgOCaOAl2O3 = 4642525) and pre-melted slag F1 (CaF2MgOCaOTiO2 = 4642525), can not only control the aluminum and titanium contents in steel, but also have the desired low melting temperature property.The encapsulation and heat conduction of molten salt are very important for its application in heat storage systems. The general practice is to solidify molten salt with ceramic substrate and enhance heat conduction with carbon materials, but the cycle stability is not ideal. For this reason, it is of practical significance to study heat storage materials with a carbon-free thermal conductive adsorption framework. In this paper, the in-situ reaction method was employed to synthetize the constant solid-state composites for high-temperature thermal energy storage. AlN is hydrolyzed and calcined to form h-Al2O3 with a mesoporous structure to prevent the leakage of molten eutectic salt at high temperature. Its excellent thermal conductivity simultaneously improves the thermal conductivity of the composites. It is found that 15CPCMs prepared with 15% water addition have the best thermal conductivity (4.928 W/m·K) and mechanical strength (30.2 MPa). The enthalpy and the thermal storage density of 15CPCMs are 201.4 J/g and 1113.6 J/g, respectively. Due to the excellent leak-proof ability and lack of carbon materials, the 15CPCMs can maintain almost no mass loss after 50 cycles. These results indicate that 15CPCMs have promising prospects in thermal storage applications.Spun concrete technology allows manufacturing the reinforced concrete poles, piles, and columns with a circular hollow core. This concreting method ensures higher concrete density and strength than the traditional vibration technique and self-compacting concrete. This technology defines an attractive alternative for producing steel-concrete composite elements, allowing efficient utilisation of the materials due to the confinement effect. This study experimentally investigates the material behaviour of the composite columns subjected to axial compression. The experimental results support the above inference-the test outcomes demonstrate the 1.2-2.1 times increase of the compressive strength of the centrifugal concrete regarding the vibrated counterpart; the experimental resistance of the composite columns 1.25 times exceeds the theoretical load-bearing capacity. The proposed mechanical-geometrical parameter can help to quantify the composite efficiency. The parametric analysis employs the finite element model verified using the test results. It demonstrates a negligible bond model effect on the deformation prediction outcomes, indirectly indicating the steel shell confinement effect and confirming the literature results.This paper presents the effect of severe plastic deformation obtained using the cold hydrostatic extrusion (HE) method on the mechanical and structural properties of polyamide 6 (PA6). As a result of the plastic strain, a significant increase in ultimate tensile strength and tensile modulus were observed. Tensile strength rose by almost 500%, up to the level of 508 MPa, whereas the tensile modulus rose by about 65%. Flexural modulus increase was also observed to 3230 MPa, i.e., by approx. 160%. As a result of high plastic deformation, the structure of the polyamide 6 changed significantly, as evidenced by its fibrous nature as presented in the results of the scanning electron microscopy inspection (SEM). The surface quality of products investigated was tested using profilometry.The paper deals with the possibility of using Phase Change Materials (PCM) in concretes and geopolymer composites. The article presents the most important properties of PCM materials, their types, and their characteristics. A review of the latest research results related to their use in geopolymer materials is presented. The benefits of using PCM in building materials include the improvement of thermal comfort inside the building, and also the fact that the additive in the form of PCM reduces thermal gradients and unifies the temperature inside the concrete mix, which can reduce the risk of cracking. The paper also presents a critical analysis related to the feasibility of mass scale implementations of such composites. It was found that the use of PCM in sustainable construction is necessary and inevitable, and will bring a number of benefits, but it still requires large financial resources and time for more comprehensive research. Despite the fact that PCM materials have been known for many years, it is necessary to refine their form to very stable phases that can be used in general construction as well as to develop them in a cost-effective form. The selection of these materials should also be based on the knowledge of the matrix material.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of heat treatments and resulting changes in microstructure on the thermophysical properties of commercial 1.4462 duplex stainless steel. Three types of heat treatment and a raw sample were used. In the first heat treatment, a duplex steel bar was annealed in an air atmosphere furnace for one hour at 1200 °C and then quickly cooled in water (1200 °C + water). The second heat treatment was the same as the first, but afterwards, the bar was annealed in an air atmosphere furnace for 4 h at 800 °C and then slowly cooled down in the furnace to room temperature (1200 °C + water + 800 °C). In the third heat treatment, the duplex steel bar was annealed in the furnace in an air atmosphere for one hour at 900 °C and then slowly cooled in the furnace to room temperature (900 °C). As a result, the weight percentages of ferrite and austenite in the samples achieved the following ratios 7525, 6535 and 4456. Light microscope examinations (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers micro-hardness measurements and thermophysical studies using a laser flash apparatus (LFA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and push-rod dilatometry (DIL) were performed to reveal the microstructure and changes in thermophysical properties including thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion and specific heat. Along with presenting these data, the paper, in brief, presents the applied investigation procedures.In this study, the resistive switching phenomenon in Al/SiO2/n++-Si structures is observed and studied by means of DC, small-signal admittance, and complex impedance spectroscopy measurements. Possible transport mechanisms in the high and low resistance states are identified. Based on the results of the applied measurement techniques, an electrical equivalent circuit of the structure is proposed. We discuss the effect of parasitic elements influencing the measurement results and show that a proper model can give useful information about the electrical properties of the device. A good agreement between the characteristics of the proposed equivalent circuit and the experimental data, based on different measurement procedures, confirms the validity of the used methodology and its applicability to the electrical characterization of RRAMs.