Dallburnett4284

Determining the available energy (caloric value) of dietary non-digestible fibers that are fermented to varying degrees by intestinal microbes and metabolized to short chain fatty acids is important for provision of accurate information to food and beverage manufacturers for reformulation and labeling purposes. The objective of this human study was to determine the available energy of soluble fiber products by measuring post consumption breath hydrogen, with inulin as a control.

PROMITOR

Soluble Corn Fiber 70 (SCF70) and PROMITOR

Soluble Corn Fiber 85B (SCF85B) are Tate & Lyle dietary fiber products with 70% and 85% fiber, respectively. The fiber portion of these products is structurally representative of the fiber portion of all PROMITOR

SCF products. The study conducted was a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Breath hydrogen was quantified following consumption of beverages consisting of 8 oz. of water and inulin (control), SCF70, or SCF85B at 5, 10, or 15 g (total ingredient weight,OR® products. The available energy of the fiber portion of PROMITOR® SCF products was determined to be 0.2 kcal/gram.The aim of this meta-analysis was to aggregate data from studies investigating the risk factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in competitive gymnasts.Four databases were searched and studies reporting demographics, anthropometrics, functional, psychosocial and gymnastics-practice variables in competitive gymnasts with and without LBP were included. For continuous data, the weighted mean difference (MD) and confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated, while odds or risk ratio (OR, RR) were calculated for dichotomous data.Meta-analysis of six cross-sectional studies involving 284 competitive female gymnasts revealed that artistic were more likely to report LBP compared to rhythmic gymnasts (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.04-2.0, Z=2.2, p=0.03). Data pooling revealed that age (MD 1.5 years, 95% CI 0.4-2.5, p=0.005) and body weight (MD 3.5 kg, 95% CI 0.1-6.8, p=0.04) were significantly higher in gymnasts with LBP compared to those without. Subgroup-analyses confirmed these differences in artistic but not in rhythmic gymnasts. Moreover, artistic gymnasts with LBP tended to display longer gymnastics-practice history (p=0.09) compared to those without.Increased age, body weight and, to a lesser extent, longer gymnastics-practice appear to differentiate artistic gymnasts with LBP from those without; conversely, these potential risk factors seem less relevant for rhythmic gymnasts.Colletotrichum fioriniae of the C. acutatum species complex is an important hemibiotrophic pathogen of vegetables and fruits in temperate regions worldwide. In apple, it is one of the primary species responsible for bitter rot disease. Understanding the disease cycle is complicated because many broadleaf plants can be hosts of C. fioriniae. By detecting and quantifying rain-splashed C. acutatum species complex conidia in more than 500 samples from heavily bitter-rot-infected apple orchards and nearby forested woodlots over two summers, we show that conidial quantities were higher in the woodlots than in the orchards. Testing of more than 1,000 surface-disinfected leaves of apple and 24 different forest plant species showed that overall C. fioriniae was an abundant leaf endophyte, with high variation in leaf colonization area. Endophytic isolates from leaves were pathogenic on apples, and multilocus sequence analysis showed 100% identity between most isolates from leaves and diseased fruits. Apple leaves endophytically infected with C. fioriniae were present in a conventionally managed orchard and abundant in an untreated orchard. These lines of evidence, in the context of previously published research, lead us to hypothesize that the main ecological role of C. fioriniae is that of a leaf endophyte, which we present as a generalized C. fioriniae infection cycle that provides an updated framework for its integrated management in agricultural systems.

The aim of this research was to compare the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) among Venezuelan and Italian adolescents.

One hundred-seventeen Venezuelan and 138 Italian adolescents aged 11-18years were examined according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD). Signs and symptoms were registered.

TMD prevalence among Venezuelan adolescents (17.9%) was lower than that among Italian adolescents (29.7%) and was higher in females and in the 15-18 age group. Intra-articular disorders were the most frequent in Venezuelan (8.5%) and Italian adolescents (13.0%). Pain-associated disorders were more frequent in the 11-14 age group, while intra-articular disorders were more frequent in the 15-18 age group in both samples. Italian adolescents presented greater muscle pain and joint noise than Venezuelan adolescents.

TMD prevalence in Venezuelan adolescents was lower than that in Italian adolescents. This suggests the involvement of cultural and/or genetic factors in the etiology of these disorders.

TMD prevalence in Venezuelan adolescents was lower than that in Italian adolescents. This suggests the involvement of cultural and/or genetic factors in the etiology of these disorders.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of ADHD in a group of parents of children with ADHD compared with the general population. To compare academic level, unemployment aid rate and marital separations/divorce of this parents sample. Methodology The experimental group was formed by the parents of 60 children with ADHD. Selleckchem KWA 0711 The control group was formed by the parents of 60 healthy children. To assess the retrospective and current ADHD symptomatology among the parents of the sample the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-rating scale (ADHD.rs) were used. Also, the Hollingshead Four-Factor Index of Socioeconomic status (SES-Child) was used. Results 20.33% of the mothers in the case group met criteria for a retrospective diagnosis of ADHD, while none of the control group mothers met criteria (p less then .01). Regarding fathers, there was a retrospective ADHD diagnosis in 25% of the case group compared to 10% in the control group (p less then .01). In terms of the current symptoms, 25.