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Chemical speciation analysis revealed that the long-term freeze-thaw cycles did, however, reduce the content of carbonate-bound form lead while the quantity of the ion-exchange forms. SEM further confirmed the observed leaching characteristics and chemical speciation characteristics. In addition, it indicated that, at the same number of freeze-thaw cycles, high initial lead concentrations substantially delayed the hydration process of cement in solidified lead-contaminated soil.When the process of urbanization has brought economic benefits in the Yangtze River Delta of China, environmental pollution becomes increasingly prominent. In order to achieve integrated sustainable green development and reduce the gap in environmental governance performance between regions, this study analyzed the environmental issues of provincial cities in Anhui Province from 2013 to 2017 in the urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta. Governance performance is analyzed and the evaluation index system framework is determined using the "pressure-state-response" model with the panel and spatial data. Based on the global principal component analysis method and spatial autocorrelation analysis, the environmental governance performance of Anhui Province has generally increased steadily from 2013 to 2017. The situation in northern Anhui is still developing in a good state. Southern Anhui is in a trend of rising first and then stabilizing, whereas central Anhui has a downward trend after a rapid rise; in terms of the spatial pattern, the overall situation is central Anhui > northern Anhui > southern Anhui. The urban spatial distribution pattern of the region shows a positive spatial correlation. Particularly, the performance levels of Maanshan City and Huainan City have been at a poor level for a long time, whereas Hefei and Huangshan have strong comprehensive environmental governance capabilities with average efficiency values of 0.55 and 0.47, respectively. Corresponding countermeasures have been proposed to rectify polluting enterprises and optimize structure of industries, increase scientific and technological investment and infrastructure construction, strengthen the radiation driving effects, and establish a pollution monitoring system. Based on all the analyses and resulted findings, we concluded the study with corresponding policy implications/suggestions and recommended countermeasures.This study deals with the macrobenthic assemblages and the biotic environmental quality of Kochi backwaters (KBW), India. Due to the heavy river discharge, extensive limnetic and turbid conditions prevailed in the KBW during the southwest monsoon (June to September). This exerted a profound adverse effect on the abundance, richness, and diversity of macrobenthic assemblages. Overall, mesohaline conditions with a clayey sand bottom substratum favored the high macrofaunal abundance during the southwest and northeast monsoon seasons. But mesohaline condition and sandy silt bottom were found to support high macrofaunal abundance in the KBW during the pre-monsoon season. Polychaete dominated the macrobenthic community, regardless of seasons. Capitella capitata, Heteromastus similis, Paraheteromastus sp., Prionospio cirrobranchiata, Minuspio cirrifera, Pagurapseudopsis kochindica, P. gymnophobia, Ctenapseudes indiana, C.chilkensis, Tanais sp., Villorita cyprinoides, Grandidierella sp., Ampelisca sp., and Littorina sp. were the dominant ones observed during the study. The sediment organic carbon, in general, showed a positive correlation with polychaete abundance during all three seasons. The ecological status of KBW during all three seasons was assessed as per BO2A index, which ranged from 0.05 to 0.18, suggesting a healthy to a moderately polluted bottom environmental condition.The United Nations Climate Conference 25, held in December 2019, reached a significant agreement against implementing the Paris agreement come 2020. Bound by the contract, 189 countries who are party to the deal agreed to constrain worldwide temperature to ascend to 1.5° Celsius. To this end, the present study attempts to investigate the readiness of selected countries in the European Union to implement the agreement, which will better the quality of the global environment. In line with this, this study appraises the connection between economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, on emissions in 11 countries in the European Union from 1990 to 2016. The study utilises the Pooled Mean Group-Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model estimator and Dumitrescu and Hurlin Panel Causality analysis to analyse the long-run and short-run impact and direction of causality among these factors, respectively. The long-run study's empirical results show a U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and a negative connection between renewable energy use and emissions in the EU-11 countries. In the short-run, non-renewable energy use worsens CO2 emissions while renewable energy use leads to a fall in emissions. Similarly, causality tests show a feedback mechanism between emissions and renewable energy use and between non-renewable energy and renewable use. Also, there is unidirectional causality from income to CO2 emissions, non-renewable energy use to CO2 emissions. The investigation recommends an expanded proportion of renewable energy sources in the EU countries' energy mix to cut down on emissions.Achieving equality in water usage is part of the sixth goal of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A comprehensive understanding evolution of inequality in water use and the driving factors behind the inequality can facilitate to implement equality in water consumption. In this work, the inequality index was used to measure China's water consumption inequality from 2004 to 2018 and the decomposition technique was used to decompose the status of inequality and the evolution of inequality. The results show the inequality in its water consumption was not reduced obviously despite China's rapid economic growth. There were 38.71% of provinces in China whose per capita water consumption was greater than the national average, mainly in the western region. For the three regions of China, the intraregional inequality was much greater than the interregional inequality. The western index was the largest and the eastern was the smallest. Daporinad cell line Among the factors that cause the inequality in water consumption, no one factor has been dominant at all times. Moreover, the effects of different factors changed over time. It is almost impossible to reduce inequality in water consumption through policy adjustment to several factors. China's example show that economic development cannot reduce the inequality in water consumption. More targeted policies and more efforts are required to reduce the inequality in water consumption.Atrazine (ATZ), as a widely used triazine herbicide, is an environmental endocrine disruptor (EDC) that can cause many health problems. Therefore, we conducted this study based on the evidence of rats and mice to figure out the characteristics of ATZ damage to the reproductive system and further evaluate its health effects on the human. PRISMA's guidelines were followed according to the principles recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review. Health assessment was performed using the OHAT approach. Our new data were obtained from randomized controlled trials in rats designed in accordance with toxicological guidelines. Exposure to ATZ was significantly associated with decreased testosterone production (SMD = - 0.90, 95% CI - 1.27 to - 0.53), and reduced absolute weights of testis (SMD = - 0.41, 95% CI - 0.61 to - 0.22) and other reproductive organs. The damaging effect of sperm quality was also observed clearly, which included reduction of sperm count both in epididymis (SMD = - 2.32, 95% CI - 2.83 to - 1.81) and testis (SMD = - 1.01, 95% CI - 1.37 to - 0.64), decrease in sperm motility (SMD = - 8.86, 95% CI - 10.88 to - 6.83), and increase in sperm abnormality. Subgroup analysis revealed consistency across different species, life stage, and dosage. In addition, we found that ATZ exposure at a daily dose of 120 mg/kg during adolescence could cause decrease in weight gain and histological damage to the testis. The gene expression levels of Nrf2/HO-1 and Bcl-2/caspase signaling pathways in testis tissues were changed significantly. The results of this SR indicated that exposure to ATZ was associated with impairment of male reproductive system in rodents regardless of species, exposure life stage, and dosage. It is believed that ATZ exposure may have similar effects on male reproductive system of human beings. Pathways related to oxidative stress and apoptosis may be the mechanism leading to testicular damage in rats treated with ATZ.It has been reported that certain probiotic bacteria have inhibitory effects against oral pathogens. Lactobacillus spp. have been studied and used as probiotics globally, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation and experimentation with oral microorganisms, there are few studies on Lactobacillus spp. isolated from the oral cavity being used against oral pathogens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biosafety and inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum OK as a potential oral biotherapeutic probiotic against oral pathogens. L. fermentum OK was evaluated based on microbial and genetic characteristics. A 5% dilution of L. fermentum OK culture supernatant showed that 60% inhibition against the growth of S. mutans and L. fermentum OK displayed significant inhibitory effects against the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguinis. However, proliferation of L. fermentum OK, when co-cultured with harmful oral bacteria, was retarded. L. fermentum OK was shown to produce 1130 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide, aggregate efficiently with Streptococcus sobrinus, S. gordonii, S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and P. gingivalis, and reduce S. mutans that produced artificial dental plaque by 97.9%. The in vitro cell adhesion capacity of L. fermentum OK to an oral epithelial cell line was 3.1 cells per cell and the cell adhesion of F. nucleatum and S. mutans decreased strongly in protection and displacement assays. L. fermentum OK was evaluated for safety using ammonia production, biogenic amine production, hemolytic property, mucin degradation testing, antibiotic susceptibility, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Based on this study, L. fermentum OK appears to be a safe and bioactive lactobacterial food ingredient, starter culture, and/or probiotic microorganism for human oral health.Latino immigrants are at increased risk for mental disorders due to social/economic disadvantages and stressful conditions associated with migration. Resilience-the ability to recover from stress-may provide protection given its association with lower rates of anxiety and depression. This study examines the relationship between protective factors, resilience, and psychological distress in Latino immigrants. A community-based participatory research study conducted with a Latino agency using in-person surveys to obtain the following data Brief Resilience Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Duke University Religion Index, Multi-group Ethnic Identity measure, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Linear regression, and mediation analysis was performed using SPSS. There are 128 participants. Resilience was positively related to social support (p = 0.001) and religiosity (p = 0.006); inversely related to psychological distress (p = 0.001); and mediated the relationship between the two (p = 0.006). Promoting social support and religion in Latino communities can improve wellbeing by increasing resilience and reducing distress.