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n antenatal neurosonography, MRI can identify a small proportion of additional anomalies, mainly malformations of cortical development, which are not detected on ultrasound. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

In fetuses with isolated anomaly of the CC diagnosed on antenatal neurosonography, MRI can identify a small proportion of additional anomalies, mainly malformations of cortical development, which are not detected on ultrasound. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide protozoon that can infect all nucleated vertebrate cells. Little information is available about the association between T. gondii infection and coronary atherosclerosis.

A total of 320 cases were enrolled (160 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 160 non-atherosclerotic individuals). Blood samples were collected to measure anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum lipid profile. Coronary angiogram was also performed.

The seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic individuals was 63.1% and 46.2%, respectively, with higher levels of anti-T. gondii IgG in atherosclerotic patients. Consumption of contaminated water, unwashed fruits and vegetables and raw meat and contact with soil were significant risk factors for Toxoplasma infection. Significant differences were detected in serum levels of low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol between both groups. Positive correlations were detected between ELISA titres and serum levels of low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol, disease severity and the number of affected vessels. Male gender and contact with soil had a significant association with positive T. gondii serology in atherosclerotic patients.

Patients with coronary atherosclerosis have a high prevalence of T. gondii infection. More studies are crucial to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of chronic toxoplasmosis on coronary atherosclerosis.

Patients with coronary atherosclerosis have a high prevalence of T. gondii infection. More studies are crucial to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of chronic toxoplasmosis on coronary atherosclerosis.

To enable prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), understanding risk factors for AMD is important.

We tested the hypotheses that elevated plasma apolipoprotein A1 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are associated with increased risk of AMD.

From the Danish general population, we studied 106 703 and 16 032 individuals in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) with median follow-up of 9 and 32 years, respectively.The main outcome measures were 1787 AMD in CGPS and 206 in CCHS.

Higher concentrations of plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol, and lower concentrations of LDL cholesterol, were associated with higher risk of AMD in CGPS. After multifactorial adjustment, individuals in the highest versus lowest quartile of plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol had hazard ratios for AMD of 1.40 (95% CI 1.20-1.63) and 1.22 (1.03-1.45). PI3K inhibitor Corresponding hazard ratios for individuals in the lowest versus highest quartile of LDL cholesterol were 1.18 (1.02-1.37). Per 100 mg/dL higher plasma apolipoprotein A1, 1 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher HDL, and 1 mmol/L (39 mmol/L) lower LDL cholesterol, the hazard ratios for AMD were 1.53(1.31-1.80), 1.19 (1.07-1.32), and 1.05 (1.00-1.11), respectively, with similar results across strata of different risk factors. Higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol were also associated with higher risk of AMD in the CCHS.

Elevated plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol and lower LDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of AMD.

Elevated plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol and lower LDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of AMD.

Observational studies have suggested that higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with favorable serum lipids and related metabolites. However, whether such observations reflect causality remains unclear.

We aimed to investigate the causal effect of elevated 25(OH)D with a detailed systemic metabolite profile in Chinese adults.

A total of 225 lipid and other metabolites were quantified in 4662 individuals in the China Kadoorie Biobank. Instrumental variable analyses were performed to test the causal associations of plasma 25(OH)D with lipids and metabolites.

Higher plasma 25(OH)D was related to favorable lipid profiles in observational analyses. The genetic risk score was robustly correlated with observed 25(OH)D (beta[SE] = 3.54 [0.32]; P < 1 × 10-5, F-statistic = 122.3) and explained 8.4% of the variation in 25(OH)D in the Chinese population. For all individual metabolites, the causal estimates were not significant at the threshold P < 5 × 10-4 (multiple testing cle, phospholipid concentrations, and total lipids within very small VLDL and IDL. Our findings highlight a long-term effect of 25(OH)D levels in maintaining healthy lipid metabolism.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted planned annual antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) activities that have formed the cornerstone of the largely successful global efforts to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem.

Using a mathematical model we investigate the impact of interruption to MDA in trachoma-endemic settings. We evaluate potential measures to mitigate this impact and consider alternative strategies for accelerating progress in those areas where the trachoma elimination targets may not be achievable otherwise.

We demonstrate that for districts that were hyperendemic at baseline, or where the trachoma elimination thresholds have not already been achieved after three rounds of MDA, the interruption to planned MDA could lead to a delay to reaching elimination targets greater than the duration of interruption. We also show that an additional round of MDA in the year following MDA resumption could effectively mitigate this delay. For districts where the probability of elimination under annual MDA was already very low, we demonstrate that more intensive MDA schedules are needed to achieve agreed targets.