Cummingscampbell8542

Emerging data in a range of non-human animal species have highlighted a latent ability to combine certain pre-existing calls together into larger structures. Currently, however, the quantification of context-specific call combinations has received less attention. This is problematic because animal calls can co-occur with one another simply through chance alone. One common approach applied in language sciences to identify recurrent word combinations is collocation analysis. ABBV-CLS-484 datasheet Through comparing the co-occurrence of two words with how each word combines with other words within a corpus, collocation analysis can highlight above chance, two-word combinations. Here, we demonstrate how this approach can also be applied to non-human animal signal sequences by implementing it on artificially generated data setsof call combinations. We argue collocation analysis represents a promising tool for identifying non-random, communicatively relevant call combinations and, more generally, signal sequences, in animals.

Assessing the propensity for animals to combine calls provides important comparative insights into the complexity of animal vocal systems and the selective pressures such systems have been exposed to. Currently, however, the objective quantification of context-specific call combinations has received less attention. Here we introduce an approach commonly applied in corpus linguistics, namely collocation analysis, and show how this method can be put to use for identifying call combinations more systematically. Through implementing the same objective method, so-called call-ocations, we hope researchers will be able to make more meaningful comparisons regarding animal signal sequencing abilities both within and across systems.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-022-03224-3.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-022-03224-3.

This study used longitudinal data from a sample of low-income mothers and their children to examine how informal support and obligation, or informal networks, contribute to children's behavior. We also tested the potential mediating role of maternal parenting stress.

Many studies document the importance of informal support for maternal stress and child behavior to offset the negative impact of poverty for low-income families. Evidence suggests the importance of also considering the obligations that such informal support access may impart.

Using data from the Welfare, Children, Families Study, a longitudinal study of diverse, low-income, urban mothers in three cities (

= 2,142

, we used a parallel process latent growth curve model approach to examine how informal support and obligation contributed to maternal stress and child behavior.

Models indicated that mothers with healthy safety nets, including informal support and manageable obligations, had children with fewer behavior problems, and parenting stress partially accounted for the positive effects.

Results highlight the importance of considering reciprocity norms among low-income mothers; one-sided support or obligation can be problematic for both maternal stress and child behavior problems.

Results suggest the merit of empirically supported interventions to teach relationship skills and facilitate healthy relationships among low-income mothers.

Results suggest the merit of empirically supported interventions to teach relationship skills and facilitate healthy relationships among low-income mothers.The recessive intronic pentanucleotide repeat AAGGG expansion of replication factor complex subunit 1 (RFC1) is associated with cerebellar ataxia, sensory neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome. And the clinical spectrum has been continuously expanding. We conducted this study to demonstrate the clinical and genetic features of a large-scale case series of Japanese patients with cerebellar ataxia with RFC1 repeat expansions. We examined 1,289 Japanese patients with cerebellar ataxia and analyzed RFC1 repeat expansions in 840 patients, excluding those with genetic diagnoses or an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. For individuals where no product was obtained by flanking polymerase chain reaction (PCR), repeat-primed PCR was performed using primers specific for the following four repeat motifs AAAAG, AAAGG, AAGGG, and ACAGG. RFC1 analysis revealed multitype biallelic pathogenic repeat expansions in 15 patients, including (AAGGG)exp/(AAGGG)exp in seven patients, (ACAGG)exp/(ACAGG)exp in three patients, (AAGGG)exp/(ACAGG)exp in four patients, and (AAGGG)exp/(AAAGG)15(AAGGG)exp in one patient. Clinical analysis showed various combinations of cerebellar ataxia, vestibular dysfunction, neuropathy, cognitive decline, autonomic dysfunction, chronic cough, pyramidal tract disorder, parkinsonism, involuntary movement, and muscle fasciculation. Pathological RFC1 repeat expansions account for 1.8% (15/840) of undiagnosed patients with cerebellar ataxia and sporadic/recessive/unclassified inheritance. Screening of RFC1 repeat expansions should be considered in patients with cerebellar ataxia, irrespective of their subtype and onset age.

Motor dysfunction in the upper extremities after stroke prohibits people with stroke from being independent in daily living. The application of fNIRS to explore brain activity under rehabilitation intervention is a research focus on neurorehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was to explore, using a grip-release ring motor task, the activated changes of regions of interest and changes in motor function utilizing fNIRS technology and test scales on persons with stroke who received unilateral task-oriented therapy with a hand orthosis in the early subacute stroke period before and after intervention. The study aimed to find a sensitive motor task and region of interest first, then to evaluate the feasibility and mechanism of this rehabilitation method by utilizing fNIRS technology in the next randomized controlled trial.

In this case series, eight right-handed, right hemiplegia subacute stroke persons (6 males,2 females from age 47 to 72) were enrolled. They received 30 min of unilateral task-oriented task was not appropriate to achieve our fNIRS research objective and a more sensitive motor task or more sensitive evaluating indicator should be used in further studies.

Neurological and ophthalmological neurodegenerative diseases in large part share underlying biology and pathophysiology. Despite extensive preclinical research on neuroprotection that in many cases bridges and unifies both fields, only a handful of neuroprotective therapies have succeeded clinically in either.

Understanding the commonalities among brain and neuroretinal neurodegenerations can help develop innovative ways to improve translational success in neuroprotection research and emerging therapies. To do this, analysis of why translational research in neuroprotection fails necessitates addressing roadblocks at basic research and clinical trial levels. These include optimizing translational approaches with respect to biomarkers, therapeutic targets, treatments, animal models, and regulatory pathways.

The common features of neurological and ophthalmological neurodegenerations are useful for outlining a path forward that should increase the likelihood of translational success in neuroprotective therapies.

The common features of neurological and ophthalmological neurodegenerations are useful for outlining a path forward that should increase the likelihood of translational success in neuroprotective therapies.

Nystagmus identification and interpretation is challenging for non-experts who lack specific training in neuro-ophthalmology or neuro-otology. This challenge is magnified when the task is performed

telemedicine. Deep learning models have not been heavily studied in video-based eye movement detection.

We developed, trained, and validated a deep-learning system (aEYE) to classify video recordings as normal or bearing at least two consecutive beats of nystagmus. The videos were retrospectively collected from a subset of the monocular (right eye) video-oculography (VOG) recording used in the Acute Video-oculography for Vertigo in Emergency Rooms for Rapid Triage (AVERT) clinical trial (#NCT02483429). Our model was derived from a preliminary dataset representing about 10% of the total AVERT videos (

= 435). The videos were trimmed into 10-sec clips sampled at 60 Hz with a resolution of 240 × 320 pixels. We then created 8 variations of the videos by altering the sampling rates (i.e., 30 Hz and 15 Hz) and itecting nystagmus in 60 Hz video recordings as well as videos with lower image resolutions and sampling rates, making it a potentially useful tool to aid future automated eye-movement enabled neurologic diagnosis.

Deep learning is useful in detecting nystagmus in 60 Hz video recordings as well as videos with lower image resolutions and sampling rates, making it a potentially useful tool to aid future automated eye-movement enabled neurologic diagnosis.

Vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms (VBDAs) with an intramural hematoma (IMH) usually cause symptoms because of mass effect and grow in size over time. Clinical outcomes are generally poor.

This study aimed to examine outcomes of reconstructive endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with VBDAs with IMH. Safety and effectiveness were compared between flow diverters (FDs) and conventional stents.

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiological data of 36 VBDAs with IMH in 36 patients who underwent EVT with either FDs or conventional stents from January 2012 to December 2020 at our institution.

Among the 36 study patients, 20 were treated with FDs and 16 with conventional stents. Incidence of procedure-related complications did not significantly differ between the two stents. IMH growth occurred after EVT in a significantly higher proportion of conventional stent group aneurysms (zero vs. 31.3% [5/16];

= 0.012). Among the five aneurysms with IMHs that grew, all recurred. Change in IMH size after EVT was significantly lower in the FD group (-2.7 vs. +8.1%, p = 0.036). However, after the recurrent aneurysms were removed from the conventional stent group, change in IMH size did not significantly differ between the two groups (-2.7 vs. +1.0%,

= 0.332). The proportion of patients who experienced an improvement in mRS score after EVT was significantly higher in the FD group (60 vs. 25%,

= 0.036).

IMHs in VBDAs stop growing after successful reconstructive EVT. Although both FD and conventional stent treatment are effective, FD treatment may be superior based on clinical outcomes and effect on IMH size.

IMHs in VBDAs stop growing after successful reconstructive EVT. Although both FD and conventional stent treatment are effective, FD treatment may be superior based on clinical outcomes and effect on IMH size.

Migraine and epilepsy are common chronic neurological disorders presenting with paroxysmal attacks of transient cerebral dysfunction, followed by subsequent return to baseline between episodes. The term "migralepsy" has been proposed to define migraine-triggered epileptic seizures classified by the ICHD-III as a complication of migraine with an aura.

A 55-year-old man with a 30-year history of migraine without aura presented with a new onset left parietal pain accompanied by visual disturbances occurring up to 20 times per day. His visual distortions included kaleidoscopic vision, flashes of shadows, and a right superior quadrantanopia lasting 20 min. He described discrete 2-min episodes of scintillating scotomas in his right visual field. Ictal EEG demonstrated a left occipital onset focal aware seizure with his clinical symptoms. The patient was started on valproic Acid and has remained asymptomatic.

The diagnostic criteria as set out by the ICHD-III for migralepsy and other syndromes with migrainous and ictal features remain confusing for practitioners as there is much overlap in clinical manifestations of these entities.