Crowellgillespie9120

This study established that LF-MF could inhibit citrinin and stimulate pigment production and change intracellular and extracellular Na+ concentrations. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.Scutellarin is the major and active constituent of Dengzhan Xixin Injection (DZXX), a traditional Chinese medicine prepared from the aqueous extract of Erigeron breviscapus and widely used for the treatment of various cerebrovascular diseases in clinic. see more In present study, the possible pharmacokinetic differences of scutellarin after intravenous administration of scutellarin alone or DZXX were explored. Additional, the potential roles of β-glucuronidase (GLU) and OATP2B1 in drug-drug interaction (DDI) between scutellarin and constituents of DZXX were further evaluated in vitro. The plasma concentration, urinary and biliary excretion of scutellarin in rats after administration of DZXX, were significantly higher than those received scutellarin, while pharmacokinetic profile of Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide (AG) in rats was similar no matter AG or DZXX group. Furthermore, higher concentration in brain and plasma, however, lower level of scutellarin in intestine were observed after intravenous administration of DZXX. Finally, AG and caffeoylquinic acid esters were found to significantly inhibit GLU and OATP2B1 in vitro, which might explain, at least in part, the pharmacokinetic DDI between scutellarin and other chemical constituents in DZXX. The findings provided deep insight into the prescription-formulating principle in DZXX for treating the cerebrovascular diseases. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Broad application of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and ubiquitous lead (Pb) pollution may increase the possibility of combined exposure of humans. Information on the combined effects of rGO and Pb in human cells is scarce. This work was designed to explore the potential effects of rGO on Pb-induced toxicity in human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. Prepared rGO was polycrystalline in nature. The formation of a few layers of visible creases and silky morphology due to high aspect ratio was confirmed. Low level (25 μg/mL) of rGO was not toxic to A549 cells. However, Pb exposure (25 μg/mL) induced cell viability reduction, lactate dehydrogenase enzyme leakage with rounded morphology in A549 cells. Remarkably, Pb-induced cytotoxicity was significantly mitigated by rGO co-exposure. Pb-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cell cycle arrest and higher activity of caspase-3 and -9 enzymes were also alleviated by rGO co-exposure. link2 Moreover, we observed that Pb exposure causes generation of pro-oxidants (e.g., reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant depletion (e.g., glutathione and antioxidant enzymes). In addition, the effects of Pb on pro-oxidant and antioxidant markers were significantly reverted by GO co-exposure. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry suggested that due to the adsorption of Pb on rGO sheets, accessibility of Pb ions for A549 cells was limited. Hence, rGO reduced the toxicity of Pb in A549 cells. This research warrants further study to work on detailed underlying mechanisms of the mitigating effects of rGO against Pb-induced toxicity on a molecular level. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) therapy is the application of ultrafast pulses of high amplitude electrical energy to tissues to influence cell function. Unique characteristics of these pulses enable electric field penetration into the interior of cells and organelles to generate transient nanopores in both organelle and plasma membranes. The purpose of this study is to document the temporal and physical changes in intracellular organelles following NPS therapy using electron microscopy. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver tumors were induced in five buffalo rats by implanting syngeneic McA-RH7777 hepatocellular carcinoma cells into the surgically exposed livers. Tumors were allowed to grow for 1 week and then the surgically exposed livers were treated in situ with NPS energy delivered at a sufficient level to trigger regulated cell death in the tumor. Samples of NPS-treated and control tissue were removed and fixed for electron microscopy at 1 minute, 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 2 houregration of the RER, breaks in the plasma membrane and blurs the borders of the nuclear envelope. These changes in the mitochondria and RER are indicative of a regulated cell death process. These immediate physical changes to vital cell organelles are likely to trigger subsequent regulated cell death mechanisms observed in other studies of NPS therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Coronavirus disease, first emerged in Wuhan, China, rapidly spread all over the country since December 2019[1]. Up to now, the epidemic situation in China remains stable, while the global march of the virus is seemingly unstoppable, especially in South Korea, Iran, and Italy[2]. Here, we reported what dermatologists could do to cope with novel coronavirus from a Chinese dermatologist's perspective. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious. It may rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and result in multiorgan dysfunction or death in some cases.(1,2) Here, we report the case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent liver transplantation and experienced COVID-19 infection during the perioperative period. This case may help clinicians by alerting them to potential COVID-19 infection in transplant recipients during the outbreak. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Controlling the size and uniformity of metal clusters with atomic precision is essential for fine-tuning their catalytic properties, however for clusters deposited on supports such control is challenging. Here, by combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we show that supports play a crucial role in the evolution of monolayer-protected clusters into catalysts. Based on the acidic nature of the support, cluster-support interactions lead either to fragmentation of the cluster into isolated Au-ligand species or ligand-free metallic Au0 clusters. On Lewis acidic supports that bind metals strongly, the latter transformation occurs while preserving the original size of the metal cluster, as demonstrated for various Au n sizes. These findings underline the role of the support in the design of supported catalysts, and represent an important step toward the synthesis of atomically precise supported nanomaterials with tailored physico-chemical properties. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Unhealthy consumption of alcohol is a major public health crisis with strong associations with immunological dysfunctions, high vulnerability to infectious disease, anemia, and an increase in the risk of hematological malignancies. However, there is a lack of studies addressing alcohol induced changes in bone marrow and hematopoiesis as fundamental aspects of immune system function. METHODS To address the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and the bone marrow niche, we used an established rhesus macaque model of voluntary alcohol drinking. link3 A cohort of young adult, male rhesus macaques underwent a standard ethanol self-administration protocol that allowed a choice of drinking alcohol or water 22 hours/day with periods of forced abstinence that elevated subsequent intakes when alcohol availability resumed. Following the last month of forced abstinence, the monkeys were euthanized. HSPCs and bone samples were collected and analyzed in functional ashol. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may damage the developing central nervous system of the fetus and lead to brain structural and functional deficits in the children, known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Previously using a third trimester-equivalent mouse model, ethanol-induced behavioral deficits (including spatial learning and memory dysfunction) in the mice were detected on postnatal day (PD) 35. The hippocampal formation is critically involved in spatial learning/memory and contains two major neuron populations the pyramidal cells in the hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG). In rodents, while the pyramidal cells are almost exclusively generated prenatally, the dentate gyrus granule neurons are majorly generated during the first two weeks postnatally, which coincides with the period of ethanol exposure in our mouse model. Therefore, in the current study the effects of ethanol exposure on the development of the dentate gyrus granule cells were examined. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with 4 g/kg of ethanol by intubation on PD 4-10 to mimic alcohol exposure to the fetus during the third trimester in humans, and the development of dentate gyrus granule cells was examined by immunohistochemistry and quantified on PD 35. RESULTS Ethanol exposure does not affect the number of total or newly generated DGGCs, but reduces the number of mature DGGCs on PD 35 in both male and female mice. The ratio of immature DGGCs over total DGGCs was increased, and the ratio of mature DGGCs over total DGGCs was decreased by ethanol exposure. In addition, no sex-dependent effects of ethanol treatment were detected. CONCLUSION Our data indicates that ethanol exposure in mice during PD 4-10 does not affect the generation/proliferation but inhibits the differentiation of the DGGCs on PD 35. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.GABAA receptors are composed of five subunits arranged around a central chloride channel. Their subunits originate from different genes or gene families. The majority of GABAA receptors in the mammalian brain consist of two α-, two β- and one γ- or δ-subunit. This subunit organization crucially determines the physiological and pharmacological properties of the GABAA receptors. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the distribution of 10 GABAA receptor subunits (α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, β1, β2, β3, γ2, and δ) in the fore brain of three female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Within the cerebral cortex, subunits α1, α5, β2, β3, and γ2 were found in all layers, α2, α3, and β1 were more concentrated in the inner and outer layers. The caudate/putamen was rich in α1, α2, α5, all three β-subunits, γ2, and δ. Subunits α3 and α5 were more concentrated in the caudate than in the putamen. In contrast, α1, α2, β1, β2, γ2, and δ were highest in the pallidum. Most dorsal thalamic nuclei contained subunits α1, α2, α4, β2, The Authors. The Journal of Comparative Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.INTRODUCTION Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms might influence predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases, but the results of already published studies regarding relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases were still controversial. METHODS The authors performed this meta-analysis to estimate relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in a larger pooled population by combing the results of already published related studies. The authors searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI for already published studies. RESULTS Eighteen already published studies were pooled analyzed in this meta-analysis. The pooled meta-analyses results showed that eNOS rs2070744 polymorphism was significantly associated with predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in East Asians (dominant comparison OR = 0.77, p = .01; overdominant comparison OR = 1.24, p = .04; allele comparison OR = 0.78, p = .006) Nevertheless, the pooled meta-analyses did not reveal any positive results for eNOS rs1799983 and rs869109213 polymorphisms.