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ith the MSF. Clinicians should assess the divergence between the roots before performing extraction or endodontic treatments.

The present study aimed to calculate the birth prevalence of orofacial cleft patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh City, KSA.

The data utilized in this retrospective study were obtained from the birth data registry at the hospital covering the period between January 2014 and December 2018. The data collected for the orofacial cleft patients pertained to the birth year, type of cleft, gender, and associated syndromes.

The total number of documented orofacial cleft cases born between 2014 and 2018 was 78, with a birth prevalence of 1.8 per 1000 live births and no gender bias. Cleft palate (CP) represented the most common type at 38.5% (n=30), followed by cleft lip at 26.9% (n=21) and unilateral cleft lip and palate at 24% (n=19). The least common type was facial cleft, at 3.4% (n=6). Syndrome association was seen in 15.4% (n=12) of the cases.

The birth prevalence of orofacial clefts in KAMC Riyadh city is in accordance with the worldwide ratio and similar to the birth prevalence reported in the Middle East area. CP showed more prevalence than the other orofacial cleft types, and the association with syndromes was significantly low.

The birth prevalence of orofacial clefts in KAMC Riyadh city is in accordance with the worldwide ratio and similar to the birth prevalence reported in the Middle East area. CP showed more prevalence than the other orofacial cleft types, and the association with syndromes was significantly low.

The purpose of this study was (i) to investigate whether nanocomposite poly(methyl-methacrylate)-zinc oxide nanowires (PMMA-ZnO-NWs) have

antibiofilm activity; (ii) to evaluate the interaction between components of the nanocomposites based on PMMA-ZnO-NWs by Raman spectroscopy; and (iii) to assess ultrastructural alterations.

Sixty-eight rectangles (17 PMMA (control) and 51 PMMA-ZnO-NWs (250, 500, 1000ppm ZnO nanowires) were fabricated.

ATCC 10231 and a

clinical strain were tested. Adherence, biofilm formation and ultrastructural alterations were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Raman mapping images and spectra were analyzed using main component analysis.

Nanocomposite PMMA-ZnO-NWs inhibited the formation of

biofilms 94% at 1000ppm and 80% at 500ppm against both

strains. PMMA-ZnO-NWs induced ultrastructural alterations, including cell wall damage and disorganization of the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in cell lysis. Raman spectroscopy showed new vibrational modes (300-365-485-600cm

) for PMMA and ZnO-NW interactions.

PMMA-ZnO-NWs inhibited

dose-dependent biofilm formation and led to changes in the structures and cell membrane. Raman spectroscopy showed chemical interactions between ZnO-NWs and PMMA, as suggested by the appearance of new bands at 301 and 485cm

.

PMMA-ZnO-NWs inhibited C. albicans dose-dependent biofilm formation and led to changes in the structures and cell membrane. Raman spectroscopy showed chemical interactions between ZnO-NWs and PMMA, as suggested by the appearance of new bands at 301 and 485 cm-1.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of topical fluoride application and diode laser-irradiation on the hardness of demineralized enamel and to evaluate the esthetic improvement of the white spot lesions (WSLs) using a visual analog scale (VAS).

Artificial WSLs (3x3 mm) were created on the enamel surface of 45 human third molars. The teeth were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 15) group A, fluoride only; group B, combined therapy of fluoride and diode laser; and group C, control. Vicker's hardness number (VHN) was measured at baseline, after demineralization and after treatment. To evaluate the esthetic improvement after treatment, 14 raters evaluated each group's photographs using a 100-millimeter VAS. A one-way ANOVA or Brown-Forsythe and Games-Howell post hoc procedure were performed for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05 for all tests.

Group A mean VHN was significantly higher than groups B and C, and group B was significantly higher than group C (P < 0.05). However, the mean VAS rating for the combined therapy group (B) was significantly higher than that for groups A and C (P < 0.05).

Combination therapy significantly improved the esthetic appearance of WSLs compared to the fluoride only group. However, there was less enamel hardness versus treatment with fluoride only.

Combination therapy significantly improved the esthetic appearance of WSLs compared to the fluoride only group. However, there was less enamel hardness versus treatment with fluoride only.

The dentist-patient relationship is delicate. Engaging the patient in the dental treatment planning especially for lengthy procedures as dental implants improves the relation as well as treatment outcomes including patient satisfaction. We aimed at evaluating the importance of Shared Decision making (SDM) and level of satisfaction among dental implant patients by employing SDM and satisfaction scores.

The present cross-sectional study was pursued between April 2019 to September 2019, among dental implant patients (n = 144) who have completed their prosthetic part of implant treatment with at least 3 months of post-restoration evaluation. Demographic and implant data were collected from electronic filing system (Salud) as well as measurement of SDM score. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 version statistical software.

The mean satisfaction score was higher for implant placement with Periodontists (31.9%). However, among surgical specialist the mean satisfaction score was found to be higher for oral surgeons who had 1-5 years of experience (46.5%). Patients reported that their decision making was greatly influenced by the treating dentist. A statistical significance was found where (64.6%) of Implant patients would like to undergo the procedure again (p < 0.0001).

Shared decision-making and patient satisfaction enables the treatment delivery to be more effective and ethical, in addition to being patient-centered care.

Shared decision-making and patient satisfaction enables the treatment delivery to be more effective and ethical, in addition to being patient-centered care.

Orthodontic tooth movement is mediated by the inflammation process. Inflammation induces pain and increases the level of cortisol hormone as it triggers stress. The aim of this research was to observe the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation in reducing stress levels from orthodontic force in Wistar rats (



Wistar rats (n=56) were divided into two groups group 1 as the control group, and group 2 as the experimental group (VE group). VE supplemented for 14days prior application of the separator as an orthodontic force. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n=7), corresponding to the duration in days that force was applied, i.e., 0, 1, 3, and 7days. Stress were measured by cortisol levels, and inflammation were measured by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels in blood plasma.

The VE group had lower cortisol levels than the control group, and significant found on days 3 and 7 (

=0.026 and

=0.037). The cortisol level in the VE group decreased faster, beginning on day 1, whilst the control group occurred on day 3. Statistical analysis of IL-1β levels found insignificant differences between the two groups.

Vitamin E helps reduce stress caused by orthodontic force due to tooth movement.

Vitamin E helps reduce stress caused by orthodontic force due to tooth movement.

We aimed to study whether or not various dental antiseptic agents affect the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs).

Human PDLCs were isolated from a total of 10 surgically extracted impacted third molars and were.cultured

. The cells were exposed to commonly used dental antiseptics, including chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan, povidone-iodine and sodium bicarbonate for ultra-short-term (10, 20, 30 sec), short-term (10, 20, 30min) and long-term (24, 48h) at various concentrations. Cell morphology was observed with light microscopy. Cell viability was studied with impedimetric real-time xCELLigence and resazurin-based alamarBlue® assays. Selleck CX-5461 We used one-way ANOVA with Tukey's and Bonferroni test (p<0.05) for statistical analysis.

Both alamarBlue® and xCELLigence analysis results were in agreement that ultra-short-term contact with cetylpyridinium chloride≥0.01mg/ml, chlorhexidine≥1mg/ml, triclosan≥1mg/ml and povidone-iodine≥1mg/ml as well as long-term exposure to cetylpyridinium chloride≥0.001mg/ml, chlorhexidine≥0.01mg/ml, triclosan≥1mg/ml, povidone-iodine≥1mg/ml and sodium bicarbonate≥10mg/ml was able to reduce the viability of human PDLCs significantly. According to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) the rank of cytotoxicity was cetylpyridinium chloride>chlorhexidine>triclosan>povidone-iodine>sodium bicarbonate.

Our findings suggest that the tested antiseptic agents were cytotoxic to human PDLCs at lower than practically applied concentrations in dental interventions.

Our findings suggest that the tested antiseptic agents were cytotoxic to human PDLCs at lower than practically applied concentrations in dental interventions.

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in 9-to-12-year-old schoolchildren in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia (SA); to compare its expression by mean of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) and the Significant Caries Index (SiC Index); to examine the association between caries experience and sociodemographic factors; and to determine whether schoolchildren in Al-Madinah are at greater risk for high levels of dental caries.

Data of 1,000 schoolchildren aged 9-12years old from a cross-sectional oral health survey in Al-Madinah, SA was obtained and analysed. Dental caries was measured using dmft/DMFT and the SiC Index which was computed into two groups highest 30% DMFT scores (SiC

) and highest 10% DMFT scores (SiC

). Sociodemographic variables included age, gender, nationality, school type (public or private) and family income. Descriptive and inferential were calculated to estimate caries prevalence and severity and its association with sociodemographic factors.

Caries prevalence in primary or permanent teeth was 85.1%, with untreated caries of 76.1%. The mean dmft was 2.66±2.63 while the mean DMFT was 1.43±1.73. Caries severity was significantly higher among males, Saudis, those from low-income families and those from public schools (p<0.05). The mean values of SiC

(3.52±1.57) and SiC

(4.98±1.77) were considerably higher than the overall average DMFT value.

Dental caries persists as a public health challenge among schoolchildren in Al-Madinah, SA, with a very high prevalence and severity among schoolchildren. The use of the SiC Index highlighted the subgroups with more severe caries experience.

Dental caries persists as a public health challenge among schoolchildren in Al-Madinah, SA, with a very high prevalence and severity among schoolchildren. The use of the SiC Index highlighted the subgroups with more severe caries experience.