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Our findings indicated that DIOS alleviated hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis via inducing the activation of AMPK-induced autophagy. In summary, the study suggested that DIOS inhibited the apoptosis and induced the autophagy of hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes through AMPK activation.This personal account focuses on synthesis of polyhydroxylated piperidines, a subset of compounds within the iminosugar family. Cyclisations to form the piperidine ring include reductive amination, substitution via amines, iminium ions and cyclic nitrones, transamidification (N-acyl transfer), addition to alkenes, ring contraction and expansion, photoinduced electron transfer, multicomponent Ugi reaction and ring closing metathesis. Enantiomerically pure piperidines are obtained from chiral pool precursors (e. g. sugars, amino acids, Garner's aldehyde) or asymmetric reactions (e. g. epoxidation, dihydroxylation, aminohydroxylation, aldol, biotransformation). Our laboratory have contributed cascades based on reductive amination from glycosyl azide precursors as well as Huisgen azide-alkene cycloaddition. The latter's combination with allylic azide rearrangement has given substituted piperidines, including those with quaternary centres adjacent to nitrogen.The bioactivity-guided isolation on the Scutellaria barbata extract resulted in the purification of four undescribed neo -clerodane diterpenoids, scuttenlines A-D ( 1-4 )，alone with 20 known diterpenoids ( 5-24 ). The chemical structures of them were elaborated by extensive spectroscopic means, including 1D, 2D-NMR and HR-MS. The anti-inflammatory potential ability of 1 - 24 was screened in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells. Scuttenline C (IC 50 = 1.9 µM) and 18 (IC 50 = 3.7 µM) exhibited potent activity to inhibit NO production.Transition metal-catalyzed decarbonylation is an essential paradigm of synthetic organic chemistry. Decarbonylation offers a unique pathway to decoding the skeletal structure of arenes and enabling easy synthesis of structurally complicated molecules. Due to the omnipresence of carbonyl groups in a wide array of synthetically important complex molecules, the variety and scope of these transformations are enormous. As a result, the development of transition metal catalysts in such a simple decarbonylation reaction ranks among one of the most important topics in synthetic organic chemistry. Transition metals that have been employed range from 3d metals like V to second-row transition metals like Pd. The growing potential of this methodology has driven the pioneers of synthetic organic chemistry into delving into the details of this transition metal-catalyzed decarbonylation pathways. This review aims to take the readers through the employment of transition metals in various decarbonylation processes developed by our group, sticking not only to the scope and diversification of synthetically complex molecules, but also enabling the readers to understand the mechanistic insights, through computational and kinetic studies put forward in such reaction protocol, hoping to pave the way for future organic chemists to delve and hopefully solve the unique problems associated with this protocol.

Although the striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis Walker) is a devastating pest of rice that causes significant economic losses, management options are currently limited. Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is an emerging crop protection technique in which transgenic plants are modified to express insect-specific double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that trigger RNAi silencing in target pests.

In this study, an RNAi-based screen of 35 candidate SSB genes identified a small heat shock protein gene (CssHsp) as a potential plant-based RNAi target. To assess its utility in planta, a total of 39 transgenic rice plants were generated, with 11 independent transformants found to contain a single copy of the dsCssHsp expression cassette. In life-time feeding bioassays, three transgenic lines (DS10, DS35, DS36) were found to have significant negative impacts on SSB populations. After feeding for eight days, mortality in the three transgenic lines exceeded 60%. By pupation, mortality further increased to 90% and few SSB surviving to eclosion. Gene expression analyses confirmed that CssHsp transcript levels were significantly reduced after feeding on the transgenic dsCssHsp rice.

These results demonstrate the potential for developing a plant-mediated RNAi strategy targeting CssHsp as a more biorational field-based approach for SSB control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

These results demonstrate the potential for developing a plant-mediated RNAi strategy targeting CssHsp as a more biorational field-based approach for SSB control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Photochromic and long-lasting photoluminescent transparent, rigid, ultraviolet protective and superhydrophobic poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plastic able to switch color beneath ultraviolet irradiation was developed. Photoluminescent transparent PMMA plastic was prepared by simple polymerization process of methyl methacrylate (MMA) immobilized with alkaline earth aluminate (AEA) nanoparticles. These colorless PMMA plastic substrates showed a color switch to greenish underneath UV as proved by CIE Lab screening. The morphology of AEA was evaluated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). On the other hand, transparent PMMA samples were evaluated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) and hardness properties. Additionally, the photoluminescence properties were explored by studying excitation and emission spectral profiles. The produced luminescence colorless PMMA plastic substrates displayed excitation intensity at 370 nm, and three emission intensities at 433, 494 and 513 nm. Photoluminescent PMMA with lower contents of AEA showed fast and reversible photochromism under ultraviolet light, while PMMA samples with higher contents of AEA showed long-lasting luminescence like a flashlight with the ability to replace electric power. The findings showed that the produced photoluminescence colorless PMMA plastic substrates exhibited enhanced ultraviolet shielding and superhydrophobicity.

We previously determined that polyplexes formed by linear H2K peptides were more effective in transfecting tumors in vivo than polyplexes formed by branched H2K4b-20 peptides. Based on trypsin digest and salt displacement studies, the linear H2K polyplexes were less stable than the branched H2K4b-20 polyplexes. Because binding and release of the polymer and DNA from the H2K4b-20 polyplex may account for the ineffectiveness, we investigated whether four-branched histidine-lysine (HK) peptides with varying numbers of amino acids in their branches would be more effective in their ability to increase gene expression in tumors in vivo.

Linear and branched peptides with multiple -KHHK- motifs were synthesized by solid-phase synthesis. The branched H2K4b-20, -18, -14, and 12 peptides had 20, 18, 14, and 12 amino acids in their branches, respectively. These peptides were examined for their ability to carry luciferase-expressing plasmids to human breast cancer xenografts in a mouse model. With gel retardation and th were very efficient in delivering plasmids to tumors in vivo.

This study established that branched peptides intermediate in length were very efficient in delivering plasmids to tumors in vivo.In this paper, a novel rapid, highly selective and sensitive Pb2+ fluorescent probe (E)-N'-((2-(4'-(diphenylamino)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylene) (DBTBH) was synthesized. The probe DBTBH not only exhibited more excellent selectivity and sensitivity to Pb2+ detection compared with other analytes (include metal ions and anions) in H2 OTHF solution (vv = 91, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM KI, pH 7.4), but also had excellent optical properties such as aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Detection limit of the probe DBTBH towards Pb2+ was 4.49 × 10-8  M. The possible mechanism was verified by 1 H NMR titration and HR-MS. Furthermore, the successful detection of Pb2+ by DBTBH in real water samples and HeLa cells indicated that DBTBH has great potential for selective recognition of Pb2+ in the natural environment and biological systems. These findings will provide a promising new idea for designing better Pb2+ fluorescent probes in the future.This review aims to systematically identify and synthesize qualitative data on adolescents' experiences of the barriers to and facilitators of physical activity to understand whether these differ by socioeconomic position. Multiple databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO, and ERIC) were searched in August 2020. Duplicate title/abstract and full text screening was conducted. Studies were included if they reported qualitative data collected from adolescents (aged 10-19), a measure of socioeconomic position and focused on physical activity. Studies not published in English or published before 2000 were excluded. Relevant data were extracted and methodological quality assessed (in duplicate). Data were analyzed using Thomas and Harden's methods for the thematic synthesis. Four analytical themes emerged from the 25 included studies (1) social support, (2) accessibility and the environment, (3) other behaviors and health, and (4) gendered experiences. These themes appeared across socioeconomic groups; however, their narratives varied significantly. For example, provision and access to local facilities was discussed as a facilitator to middle and high socioeconomic adolescents, but was a barrier to low socioeconomic adolescents. These findings can be used to inform how different socioeconomic groups may benefit from, or be disadvantaged by, current interventions.

The nefarious hemipteran mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) inflicts colossal yield losses in Brassica crops including Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Fedratinib Lack of an accessible resistance source has been the primary impediment in breeding varietal resistance against aphids. In recent years, in planta RNAi-mediated resistance has been demonstrated in model plants as a potential tool for protection against insect pests. However, translational application in crop species is imperative for critical assessment of this technology in breeding effective resistance.

The essential role of sucrase 1 (SUC1) in mitigating osmotic pressure imposed by sucrose-rich phloem sap inside the insect gut is corroborated by its expression pattern in L.erysimi. Transgenic lines of Indian mustard were developed expressing SUC1 hairpin RNA for its host-mediated delivery into the infesting aphids. The expression of the dsRNA encoding cassette, and generation of siRNA molecules in transgenic B.juncea lines were verified by quantitative rica crops.Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a classic example of preventable birth defects for which there is a proven-effective intervention, folic acid (FA); however, further methods of prevention remain unrealized. In the decades following implementation of FA nutritional fortification programs throughout at least 87 nations, it has become apparent that not all NTDs can be prevented by FA. In the United States, FA fortification only reduced NTD rates by 28-35% (Williams et al., 2015). As such, it is imperative that further work is performed to understand the risk factors associated with NTDs and their underlying mechanisms so that alternative prevention strategies can be developed. However, this is complicated by the sheer number of genes associated with neural tube development, the heterogeneity of observable phenotypes in human cases, the rareness of the disease, and the myriad of environmental factors associated with NTD risk. Given the complex genetic architecture underlying NTD pathology and the way in which that architecture interacts dynamically with environmental factors, further prevention initiatives will undoubtedly require precision medicine strategies that utilize the power of human genomics and modern tools for assessing genetic risk factors.