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7% and 91.6%, respectively. False positive results of RDT for norovirus occurred in 6 samples (1.7%) and 22 samples (6.1%) in RDT for rotavirus. Rotavirus RDT was found to have cross-reactivity with 11 norovirus infection and 3 bacterial infected stools.

We found that the RDTs for both rotavirus and norovirus have high specificity but low sensitivity. Cross-reactivity was observed in positive rotavirus RDT with half of it being norovirus.

We found that the RDTs for both rotavirus and norovirus have high specificity but low sensitivity. Cross-reactivity was observed in positive rotavirus RDT with half of it being norovirus.

Adolescence and young adulthood are considered the peak age for the emergence of many psychiatric disorders, in particular major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous research has shown substantial heritability for MDD. In addition, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is known to be associated with MDD. However, there has been no study conducting targeted sequencing of the BDNF gene in young MDD patients so far.

To examine whether the BDNF gene is associated with the occurrence of MDD in young patients, we used targeted sequencing to detect the BDNF gene variants in 259 young Chinese Han people (105 MDD patients and 154 healthy subjects).

The BDNF variant rs4030470 was associated with MDD in young Chinese Han people (uncorrected p=0.046), but this was no longer significant after applying FDR correction (p=0.552, after FDR correction). We did not find any significant differences in genotype or haplotype frequencies between the case and control groups, and furthermore discovered no rare mutation variants any of the 259 subjects.

Our results do not support an association of the BDNF gene variants with MDD in young people in the Chinese Han population.

Our results do not support an association of the BDNF gene variants with MDD in young people in the Chinese Han population.

Genetics is best dedicated to interpreting pathogenesis and revealing gene functions. The past decade has witnessed unprecedented progress in genetics, particularly in genome-wide identification of disorder variants through Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Phenome-Wide Association Studies (PheWAS). However, it is still a great challenge to use GWAS/PheWAS-derived data to elucidate pathogenesis.

In this study, we used HotNet2, a heat diffusion-based systems genetics algorithm, to calculate the networks for disease genes obtained from GWAS and PheWAS, with an attempt to get deeper insights into disease pathogenesis at a molecular level.

Through HotNet2 calculation, significant networks for 202 (for GWAS) and 167 (for PheWAS) types of diseases were identified and evaluated, respectively. The GWAS-derived disease networks exhibit a stronger biomedical relevance than PheWAS counterparts. Therefore, the GWAS-derived networks were used for pathogenesis interpretation by integrating the accumulated biared with original GWAS/PheWAS results, HotNet2-calculated disease-gene associations have stronger biomedical significance, hence provide better interpretations for the pathogenesis of genome-wide variants, and offer new insights into gene functions as well. These results are also helpful in drug development.

This cohort study assessed the risk for bodyweight gain and development of glucose intolerance based on the frequency of consumption of balanced meals including grain, fish or meat and vegetables.

The participants (8,573 men, 3,327 women) were employees of a company in Japan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the frequency of balanced meal consumption. Bodyweight changes and the incidence of glucose intolerance (glycated hemoglobin >6.0%) during the 3-year follow-up period were determined through annual health examinations.

The mean bodyweight change over a period of 3years was 0.78kg for men and 0.84kg for women. A lower frequency of balanced meals was associated with a higher bodyweight gain for men (P for trend=0.004), but not for women. During the study, 464 men and 115 women developed glucose intolerance. Overall, the frequency of balanced meals was not associated with the risk of glucose intolerance in either sex. However, the interaction between the frequency of balanced meals and degree of obesity had a significant effect on the incidence of glucose intolerance in men (P=0.005), with less frequent consumption of balanced meals being associated with a higher risk for glucose intolerance among men with a BMI ≥25.0kg/m

(P for trend=0.007).

A higher frequency of balanced meals, including grain, fish or meat and vegetable dishes - important components of healthy Japanese food - was associated with a lower risk of glucose intolerance in obese men, but not in non-obese men and women.

A higher frequency of balanced meals, including grain, fish or meat and vegetable dishes - important components of healthy Japanese food - was associated with a lower risk of glucose intolerance in obese men, but not in non-obese men and women.

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is inconsistent. Whether the efficacy of ICIs is comparable across different subgroups remains unknown.

We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared standard treatment for metastatic gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma to ICIs. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) were extracted and pooled in a meta-analysis. Prespecified subgroups were included as follows age at randomization (</≤65 vs ≥/>65years), gender (female vs male), ethnicity (Asians vs non-Asians), performance-status (0 vs 1), tumor location (gastric vs GEJ), and histological subtype (diffuse vs others). OS in patients with programmed death ligand (PD-L1) positive and with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) were also extracted and pooled in a meta-analysis.

Five RCTs comprising 2,264 patients were analyzed. Compared to standard therapy, ICIs did not improve OS (HR=0.86, 95% CI 0.71-1.03, P=.10) and the effect of ICIs on OS was similar in all subgroups. Nonsignificantly greater effect sizes were seen in older patients (HR=0.85 vs 0.88, P=.81), male (HR=0.82 vs 0.99, P=.16), Asians (HR=0.86 vs 0.96, P=.55), performance-status 0 (HR=0.84 vs 0.88, P=.81), GEJ tumors (HR=0.78 vs 0.90, P=.37), and nondiffuse subtype (HR=0.71 vs 0.79, P=.62). ICIs were associated with significantly improved OS in patients with MSI-H (HR=0.33, P=.001), but not in PD-L1 positive disease (HR=0.86, P=.06).

Compared to standard treatment, ICIs in metastatic gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma did not improve OS. None of the evaluated subgroups has shown increased magnitude of effect to ICIs, aside of the small group with MSI-H tumors.

Compared to standard treatment, ICIs in metastatic gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma did not improve OS. None of the evaluated subgroups has shown increased magnitude of effect to ICIs, aside of the small group with MSI-H tumors.

There is a growing interest in adolescent motherhood and HIV among policymakers and programme implementers. To better shape services and health outcomes, we need evidence on reproductive aspirations and contraception use in this high-risk group, including the effect of motherhood and HIV status. read more We report data from a large survey of adolescent girls and young women conducted in a mixed rural-urban district in South Africa.

Quantitative interviews were conducted with 1712 adolescent girls and young women (ages 10 to 24) 336 adolescent mothers living with HIV (AMLHIV), 454 nulliparous adolescent girls living with HIV (ALHIV), 744 HIV-negative adolescent mothers (control adolescent mothers) and 178 HIV-negative nulliparous adolescent girls (nulliparous controls) in 2018 to 2019. Standardized questionnaires included socio-demographic measures, reproductive health and contraception experiences. Reproductive aspirations were measured as the number of children participants wanted to have. Dual protection was comraceptive method 29.0% among control mothers and 23.5% among AMLHIV.

Among adolescent girls and young women in HIV-endemic communities, reproductive aspirations and contraceptive practices affect HIV risk and infection. Tailored adolescent-responsive health services could help young women plan their pregnancies for when they are healthy and well-supported, and help interrupt the cycle of HIV transmission by supporting them to practice dual protection.

Among adolescent girls and young women in HIV-endemic communities, reproductive aspirations and contraceptive practices affect HIV risk and infection. Tailored adolescent-responsive health services could help young women plan their pregnancies for when they are healthy and well-supported, and help interrupt the cycle of HIV transmission by supporting them to practice dual protection.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The underlying genetic risk factors remain unclear. The association between gene growth hormone receptor (GHR) and phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) polymorphisms and the EC risk were identified in this study.

A total of 506 EC cases and 507 controls were included in this research. Two SNPs (rs6898743 of GHR and rs2274223 of PLCE1) were selected and genotyped. The associations between gene polymorphisms and the EC risk were assessed by logistic regression analysis. The databases RegulomeDB, GTEx, and UALCAN were used for functional annotations.

In the allelic frequencies analysis, the rs6898743 of GHR was associated with decreased susceptibility of EC (OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.70-1.00, p=0.049), while rs2274223 of PLCE1 was associated with increased 0.25-fold EC risk (OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.53, p=0.037). The "GC" genotype of rs6898743 was associated with a 0.24-fold decreased risk of EC under co-dominant model (OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.58-0.99, p=0.046), and the "GA" genotype of rs2274223 was associated with increased EC risk under co-dominant model (OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.04-1.77, p=0.023). Using GTEx database, rs2274223 was found to be significant associated with increased PLCE1 expression (p=4.1 × 10

) in esophagus muscularis. The UALCAN database demonstrated that the GHR gene was under-expressed in esophageal cancer tissues (p=0.017).

The gene GHR and PLCE1 polymorphisms are associated with EC in the general population and the results need to be verified in future.

The gene GHR and PLCE1 polymorphisms are associated with EC in the general population and the results need to be verified in future.

As a result of the pandemic of COVID-19, the public have been experiencing psychological distress. However, the prevalence of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress during COVID-19 outbreak and their risk factors, especially their internal paths and causality.

A nationwide cross-sectional survey of the prevalence of mental disorders was conducted. We used Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression. The internal paths and the causality of the psychological health were analyzed using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach.

A total of 24,789 respondents completed the survey. We found that the overall prevalence of anxiety, depression, combination of anxiety, and depression were 51.6% (95% CI 51.0-52.2), 47.5% (95% CI 46.9-48.1), and 24.5% (95% CI 24.0-25.0), respectively. The risk of psychological disorders in men was higher than that in women. The status of psychological health was different across different age groups, education levels, occupations, and income levels.