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The process of deintercalation passes through vapour tube formation inside the confined space, and this process is initiated by vapour bubble formation. The size of the critical vapour tube required for spontaneous evaporation of WIS from the confinement is also found to depend on the intersurface separation and WIS concentration.The use of a novel inorganic nanoscale cluster (Al[(μ-OH)2Co(NH3)4]3(NO3)6) was investigated for its utility as a precursor for AlCoOx films. Mixed-metal aluminum and cobalt oxide thin films were solution deposited from the novel cluster solution via the spin-coating method on Si (100) and quartz substrates. The films were annealed at increasing temperatures up to 800 °C, and characterization of these films via TEM and XRD confirms binary Co3O4 crystalline phase present in an amorphous Al2O3 network. Films are relatively smooth (Rrms less then 4 nm), polycrystalline, and demonstrate a tunable optical response dominated by Co3O4 with two electronic transitions.We report a new approach to visualize the local distribution of molecular recognition sites with nanoscale resolution by amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy. By integrating chemical modification of probes, photothermal excitation to drive a cantilever, and lift-up scanning over surface topography, we successfully visualized binding sites provided by streptavidin on a solid surface for biotin attached on an AFM probe. The optimization of measurement conditions was discussed in detail, and the application of the technique was verified with a different ligand-receptor system.An efficient method to synthesize diaryl sulfides with structural diversity is disclosed. link= check details Demethylative hydrothiolation of aryne intermediates generated from o-iodoaryl triflates with methylthio-substituted o-silylaryl triflates and further aryne reactions afford diverse diaryl sulfides.From a geometrical perspective, a chiral object does not have mirror planes or inversion symmetry. check details It exhibits the same physical properties as its mirror image (enantiomer), except for the chiroptical activity, which is often the opposite. Recent advancements have identified particularly interesting implications of chirality on the optical properties of metal nanoparticles, which are intimately related to localized surface plasmon resonance phenomena. Although such resonances are usually independent of the circular polarization of light, specific strategies have been applied to induce chirality, both in assemblies and at the single-particle level. In this tutorial review, we discuss the origin of plasmonic chirality, as well as theoretical models that have been proposed to explain it. We then summarise recent developments in the synthesis of discrete nanoparticles with plasmonic chirality by means of wet-chemistry methods. We conclude with a discussion of promising applications for discrete chiral nanoparticles. We expect this tutorial review to be of interest to researchers from a wide variety of disciplines where chiral plasmonics can be exploited at the nanoparticle level, such as chemical sensing, photocatalysis, photodynamic or photothermal therapies, etc.Studies of ultrafast relaxation of molecular chromophores are complicated by the fact that most chromophores of biological and technological importance are rather large molecules and are strongly affected by their environment, either solvent or a protein cage. Here we present an approach which allows us to follow transient electronic structure of complex photoexcited molecules. We use the method of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in solution to follow relaxation of two prototypical aqueous chromophores, Methyl Orange and Metanil Yellow, both of which are aminoazobenzene derivatives. Using excitation by 400 nm laser pulses and ionization by wavelength-selected 46.7 nm XUV pulses from high-order harmonic generation we follow relaxation of both molecules via the dark S1 state. The photoelectron spectra yield binding energies of both ground and excited states. We combine the experimental results with surface hopping time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations employing B3LYP+D3 and ωB97X-D functionals. The results demonstrate that the method is generally suitable for description of ultrafast dynamics in these molecules and can recover absolute binding energies observed in the experiment. check details The B3LYP+D3 functional appears to be better suited for these systems, especially in the case of Metanil Yellow, where it indicates the importance of an intramolecular charge transfer state. Our results pave the way towards quantitative understanding of evolving electronic structure in photo-induced relaxation processes.We report the evolution of the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of n-type SnSe obtained by iodine doping at the Se site. The thermoelectric performance of n-type SnSe is detailed in the temperature range starting from 150 K ≤ T ≤ 700 K. The power factor of 0.25% iodine doped SnSe is found to be 0.33 mW m-1 K-2 at 700 K, comparable to that of the other monovalent doped n-type SnSe. The temperature-dependent electrical conductivity of the undoped and iodine doped SnSe samples is corroborated by using the adiabatic small polaron hopping model. A very low value of thermal conductivity, 0.62 W m-1 K-1, is obtained at 300 K and is comparable to that of SnSe single crystals. The low thermal conductivity of n-type polycrystalline SnSe is understood by taking into account the anharmonic phonon vibrations induced by the incorporation of heavy iodine atoms at the Se sites as well as the structural hierarchy of the compound. Besides, iodine doping is found to improve the reduced Young's modulus and hardness values of SnSe, which is highly desirable for thermoelectric device applications.While spectroscopic data on small hydrocarbons in interstellar media in combination with crossed molecular beam (CMB) experiments have provided a wealth of information on astrochemically relevant species, much of the underlying mechanistic pathways of their formation remain elusive. Therefore, in this work, the chemical reaction mechanisms of C(3PJ) + C6H6 and C+(2P) + C6H6 systems using the quantum mechanical molecular dynamics (QMMD) technique at the PBE0-D3(BJ) level of theory is investigated, mimicking a CMB experiment. Both the dynamics of the reactions as well as the electronic structure for the purpose of the reaction network are evaluated. The method is validated for the first reaction by comparison to the available experimental data. The reaction scheme for the C(3PJ) + C6H6 system covers the literature data, e.g. the major products are the 1,2-didehydrocycloheptatrienyl radical (C7H5) and benzocyclopropenyl radical (C6H5-CH), and it reveals the existence of less common pathways for the first time. The chemistry of the C+(2PJ) + C6H6 system is found to be much richer, and we have found that this is because of more exothermic reactions in this system in comparison to those in the C(3PJ) + C6H6 system. Moreover, using the QMMD simulation, a number of reaction paths have been revealed that produce three distinct classes of reaction products with different ring sizes. All in all, at all the collision energies and orientations, the major product is the heptagon molecular ion for the ionic system. It is also revealed that the collision orientation has a dominant effect on the reaction products in both systems, while the collision energy mostly affects the charged system. These simulations both prove the applicability of this approach to simulate crossed molecular beams, and provide fundamental information on reactions relevant for the interstellar medium.Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs), derived from conjugated polymers (CPs), have emerged as a new class of soft fluorescent nanomaterials in recent years. Owing to the distinguished properties resulting from CPs and nanosize materials including extraordinary brightness, fast emission rate, strong photostability and outstanding biocompatibility, SPNs have shown potential for application in biosensing, bioimaging and biomedical areas. More importantly, in comparison to inorganic nanomaterials, SPNs hold more flexible modification approaches. These modification approaches can be performed at any stage of the preparation process of SPNs, providing great convenience and flexibility for fabricating functionalized SPNs to expand their bioapplication in various fields. In this feature article, we summarize the recent advances in the modification approaches to fabricate functionalized SPNs for bioapplications. The challenges and further outlook for fabricating functionalized SPNs are also discussed.The development of cost-effective and high-performance catalysts for the production of hydrogen via electrocatalytic water splitting is crucial for meeting the increasing energy demand and expanding the hydrogen economy. link2 In this study, a series of metal-free carbon nanotube (CNT) catalysts were designed and in situ functionalized by imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that the functionalization of CNTs with imidazolium ILs facilitated the electron transfer process and exhibited superior hydrogen adsorption, thereby enhancing the performance of the HER. link2 In particular, CNT-IM-Cl displays excellent electrocatalytic activity and shows a low onset overpotential and Tafel slope of 80 mV and 38 mV dec-1, respectively. This study highlights the significant potential of IL in situ functionalized metal-free CNTs for the electrocatalytic HER and provides insight into the structure design of highly efficient electrocatalysts.Here we report a simple and nonradioactive biochemical assay which is capable of accurately determining the substrate methylation sites of human RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferases METTL3/METTL14 and METTL16. link3 This method employs enzyme-assisted chemical labelling of a specific base in an RNA substrate with the assistance of an allyl-substituted methyltransferase cofactor, and enables precise identification of the labelling site by a mutation signal from standard nucleic acid sequencing. Our method provides a platform to investigate the enzymatic methylations of long and structurally complex RNA substrates, and facilitates the discovery of new methyltransferases.Intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins remains a challenge for the success of protein-mediated disease treatment. We herein develop a robust nanoplatform made with a TME-pH responsive Meo-PEG-b-PPMEMA polymer and a cationic lipid-like compound G0-C14 for in vivo delivery of cytotoxic saporin and breast cancer therapy. This nanoplatform could respond to a TME pH to rapidly release saporin/G0-C14 complexes, which could significantly improve the uptake of cytosolic saporin by tumor cells and subsequent endosomal escape, thereby leading to an effective inhibition of tumor growth.The increasing incidence of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection worldwide is a major concern for causing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, the prevalence of HCV infection is estimated to be in the range of ∼3%. According to the World Health Organization, antiviral drugs can cure more than 95% of the HCV infected cases, if timely diagnosis and treatment are provided. The gold standard RT-qPCR assay is expensive and requires a minimum turnaround time of 4 h. Hence, a rapid and cost-effective detection assay that can be used even in resource-limited settings would be highly beneficial for mass level screening. link3 Herein, we present an Au NP based facile strategy for rapid, early-stage, and sensitive detection of HCV RNA in clinical samples which avoids thiol tagging to the antisense oligonucleotide and expensive infrastructure. This technique utilizes the hybridization of a short-chain antisense oligonucleotide from the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the viral genome with the isolated HCV RNA samples.