Cowanrafn8941

ormone homeostasis, including MCT8 in thyroid hormone brain uptake, MCT12 in carnitine transport, and MCT11 in type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2020 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.PURPOSES OF THE STUDY To identify the challenges to well-being experienced by general practice postgraduate trainees and to explore how the trainees respond to those challenges. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative focus group study with doctors in their final year of general practice training (n=16). The participants in the study were recruited from one training scheme in South West England. Data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Participants reported challenges to well-being relating to dysfunctional relationships with colleagues and patients, their workload, a perceived lack of support at work and also physical environmental challenges. They identified response strategies focused on cognitive processing, physical self-care, focusing on their professional purpose, building supportive relationships and adapting their working environment where possible. Additionally, there were factors that could support trainee well-being, including personal factors such as adaptability and self-awareness, but also external and organisational factors, such as culture, supportive colleagues and organisational adaptability in relation to workload management. The importance to trainees of the idea of being a 'good doctor' arose repeatedly in the data, as did the importance of the organisational environment. Participants reported finding their training placements in secondary care environments particularly challenging. Inflammation inhibitor CONCLUSION This research highlights the strategies that general practice trainees use in response to challenges, but also that the responsibility for maintaining well-being cannot be borne by individuals alone. This study identifies that supportive approaches by healthcare organisations and educators are vitally important to general practitioner trainees' well-being. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Motivated by the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Mainland China, we use a global metapopulation disease transmission model to project the impact of travel limitations on the national and international spread of the epidemic. The model is calibrated based on internationally reported cases, and shows that at the start of the travel ban from Wuhan on 23 January 2020, most Chinese cities had already received many infected travelers. The travel quarantine of Wuhan delayed the overall epidemic progression by only 3 to 5 days in Mainland China, but has a more marked effect at the international scale, where case importations were reduced by nearly 80% until mid February. Modeling results also indicate that sustained 90% travel restrictions to and from Mainland China only modestly affect the epidemic trajectory unless combined with a 50% or higher reduction of transmission in the community. Copyright © 2020, American Association for the Advancement of Science.This study investigated the effects of long-term soil fertilization on the composition and potential for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) cycling of bacterial communities associated with hyphae of the P-solubilizing fungus Penicillium canescens Using a baiting approach, hyphosphere bacterial communities were recovered from three soils that had received long-term amendment in the field with mineral or mineral plus organic fertilizers. Compared with the soil communities, P. canescens hyphae recruited bacterial communities with a decreased diversity and an increased abundance of Proteobacteria. As core bacterial taxa, Delftia and Pseudomonas were present in all hyphosphere samples irrespective of soil fertilization. However, the type of fertilization showed significant impacts on the diversity, composition and distinctive taxa/OTUs of hyphosphere communities. The soil factors P (Olsen method), exchangeable Mg, exchangeable K and pH were important for shaping soil and hyphosphere bacterial community compositions. oil microorganisms. This study shows that communities dominated by Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria colonize P. canescens hyphae in soil, and that the composition of these communities depends on the soil conditions. The potential of these communities for N and organic P cycling is generally higher than that of soil communities. The high potential for organic P metabolism might complement the ability of the fungus to solubilize inorganic P and points to the hyphosphere as a hotspot for P metabolism. Furthermore, the high potential for N fixation could indicate that P. canescens recruits bacteria that are able to improve its N nutrition. Hence, this community study identifies functional groups relevant for future optimization of next-generation biofertilizer consortia for applications in soil. Copyright © 2020 Zhang et al.Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential aromatic amino acid that has value as an animal feed supplement as the amount found in plant based sources is insufficient. An alternative to production by engineered microbial fermentation is to have tryptophan biosynthesized by a photosynthetic microorganism that could replace or supplement both the plant and industrially used microbes. We selected Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model cyanobacteria, as the host and studied metabolic engineering and random mutagenesis approaches. Previous work on engineering heterotrophic microbes for improved Trp titers have targeted allosteric feedback regulation in enzymes 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) and anthranilate synthase (AS) as major bottlenecks in the shikimate pathway. In this work the genes coding feedback resistant enzymes from E.coli, aroGfbr and trpEfbr were overexpressed in the host wild type (WT) strain. Separately, the WT strain was subjected to random mutagenesis and selection using an amino at obtained from plants followed by fermentation by heterotrophic organisms. We have engineered photoautotrophic cyanobacteria strains by a combination of random mutagenesis and metabolic engineering. These strains grow on CO2 as the sole carbon source and utilize light as the sole energy source to produce tryptophan thus converting the two-step process into a single step. Our results show that combining random mutagenesis and metabolic engineering was superior to either approach alone. This study also builds a foundation for further engineering of cyanobacteria for industrial tryptophan production. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.