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s elevated in those receiving the transfer. Interestingly, the source of the splenocytes, either from low salt or high salt-fed donors, did not significantly affect these salt-sensitive phenotypes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Given the critical shortage of donor livers, marginal liver allografts have potential to increase donor supply. We investigate trends and long-term outcomes of liver transplant using national share allografts transplanted after rejection at the local and regional levels. We studied a cohort of 75 050 candidates listed in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network for liver transplantation between 2002 and 2016. We compared patients receiving national share and regional/local share allografts from 2002-2006, 2007-2011, and 2012-2016, performing multivariate Cox regression for graft survival. Recipient and center-level covariates that were not significant (P 12 hours hazard ratio 1.25). selleck inhibitor Despite a trend toward sicker recipients and poorer quality allografts, graft survival outcomes using national share allografts have improved to benchmark levels. Reduction in cold ischemia time is a possible explanation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.PURPOSE To develop bone material analogues that can be used in construction of phantoms for simultaneous PET/MRI systems. METHODS Plaster was used as the basis for the bone material analogues tested in this study. It was mixed with varying concentrations of an iodinated CT contrast, a gadolinium-based MR contrast agent, and copper sulfate to modulate the attenuation properties and MRI properties (T1 and T2*). Attenuation was measured with CT and 68 Ge transmission scans, and MRI properties were measured with quantitative ultrashort echo time pulse sequences. A proof-of-concept skull was created by plaster casting. RESULTS Undoped plaster has a 511 keV attenuation coefficient (~0.14 cm-1 ) similar to cortical bone (0.10-0.15 cm-1 ), but slightly longer T1 (~500 ms) and T2* (~1.2 ms) MR parameters compared to bone (T1 ~ 300 ms, T2* ~ 0.4 ms). Doping with the iodinated agent resulted in increased attenuation with minimal perturbation to the MR parameters. Doping with a gadolinium chelate greatly reduced T1 and T2*, resulting in extremely short T1 values when the target T2* values were reached, while the attenuation coefficient was unchanged. Doping with copper sulfate was more selective for T2* shortening and achieved comparable T1 and T2* values to bone (after 1 week of drying), while the attenuation coefficient was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Plaster doped with copper sulfate is a promising bone material analogue for a PET/MRI phantom, mimicking the MR properties (T1 and T2*) and 511 keV attenuation coefficient of human cortical bone. © 2020 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.BACKGROUND The objective of this meta-analysis of observational studies was to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of febuxostat in treating hyperuricemia among kidney transplant patients. METHODS We conducted electronic searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1960 to July 2019 to identify studies that investigated the effects of febuxostat in kidney transplant patients on uric acid as well as safety profiles including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin level (Hb), white blood cell counts (WBC), liver enzymes, and trough level of tacrolimus. RESULTS Seven observational studies with 367 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with allopurinol, the febuxostat group demonstrated a higher odds of achieving target uric acid levels lower than 6 mg/dL within 12 months (OR = 2.9, P = .004). However, there was no statistical difference in change of uric acid (WMD = -1.0 mg/dL/y, P = .32) and change in allograft eGFR within a year (WMD = 0.01 mL/min/1.73 m2 /y, P = .98) between febuxostat and allopurinol. Regarding safety profiles, there were no statistical differences in eGFR, Hb, WBC, liver enzymes (AST, ALT), and trough level of tacrolimus between baseline and at the study end. Only one study reported suspected graft loss among febuxostat group. CONCLUSION Among kidney transplant patients, treating hyperuricemia with febuxostat showed a higher odds of reaching the target of serum uric acid  less then  6 mg/dL compared with allopurinol without causing significant side effects including change in tacrolimus level, liver function, decline in renal graft function, and bone marrow function. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Sound exposure data are central for any intervention study. In the case of utilitarian mobility, where studies cannot be conducted in controlled environments, exposure data are commonly self-reported. For short-term intervention studies, wearable devices with location sensors are increasingly employed. We aimed to combine self-reported and technically sensed mobility data, in order to provide more accurate and reliable exposure data for GISMO, a long-term intervention study. Through spatio-temporal data matching procedures we are able to determine the amount of mobility for all modes at the best possible accuracy level. Self-reported data deviate ± 10% from the corrected reference. Derived modal split statistics prove high compliance to the respective recommendations for the control group (CG) and the two intervention groups (IG-PT, IG-C). 73.7% of total mileage was travelled by car in CG. This share was 10.3% (IG-PT) and 9.7% (IG-C) respectively in the intervention groups. Commuting distances were comparable in CG and IG, but annual mean travel times differ between x̅ = 8,458 min (σ = 6,427 min) for IG-PT, x̅ = 8,444 min (σ = 5,961 min) for IG-C and x̅ = 5,223 min (σ = 5,463 min) for CG. Seasonal variabilities of modal split statistics were observable. However, in IG-PT and IG-C no shift towards the car occurred during winter months. Although no perfect single-method solution for acquiring exposure data in mobility-related, naturalistic intervention studies exists, we achieved substantially improved results by combining two data sources, based on spatio-temporal matching procedures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.