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rmed OSL and provides more lordotic TCL. With OSL having equal values, the use of monoconstruction can provide higher TCL indices in comparison with the usage of the combination of a cylinder titanium mesh implant and a ventral plate.Spinal injuries can be divided into contusions, sprains of intervertebral joints, their dislocation and also damage to ligaments and muscles attachment, and fractures. Typical injuries of the cervical spine include trauma caused by a rapid hyperextension of the neck with the following hyperflexion, often referred to as "whiplash" injury, mostly as a result of traffic accidents. The annual incidence is estimated to be up to 600 per 100 000 inhabitants of Western Europe and North America. ENOblock supplier The most frequent sprain and strain injuries concerns patients aged 21-60 years. The clinical picture in the course of whiplash injury can be miscellaneous. The most frequent accompanying symptoms are neck pain with restricted mobility, headache and neurological symptoms.

The aim of the study was to analyze the mechanisms of trauma, possible complications and analysis of physical examination in patients after cervical sprains, strains and dislocations treated in Mazovian Rehabilitation Center STOCER.

The basis for the analynvolved in such an accident. Neurological symptoms are found in 6.84% of patients with cervical sprains. No new neurological symptoms have appeared in any patient since admission to the ED or Neuroortopaedic Department. Axial compression is not diagnostic for cervical sprains and does not correlate with the severity of injury.Over the past decade, there are significant advances in the problem of studying the pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment of cervical cancer (CC). Namely the need for more favorable treatment outcomes for locally advanced cervical cancer requires the development of more effective treatments.

The aim of our work was to study the consequences of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT) in the management of locally advanced cervical cancer by assessing morphological changes in the tumor tissue.

This study is based on the assessment of tissue changes as a result of treatment of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CC T1b2-2bN0-1M0 stages between the ages of 26 and 62 years (average age 33.7 years). The patients were divided into 3 groups by randomization. The first main group consisted of 25 patients who, at the first stage, were given preoperatively 1 course of polychemotherapy with cisplatin and paclitaxel followed by radiotherapy. The second group comprised 30 patients who underwent chemoradiomodifptotic and angiogenesis process due to expression of studied proteins can be used as favorable prognostic factors and may guide therapeutic decisions for choice of manage patients with CC.The etiology of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), which is responsible for approximately 30% cases of preterm birth (PTB) is not yet fully understood.

The aim of the study was to create a mathematical model for prognostication of PPROM based on the anamnesis, clinical data, laboratory findings and genetics predictors.

The study involved 80 women with PPROM (between 26 and 34 weeks of gestation) and 50 women having term birth (>37 weeks of gestation) of Zaporizhzhia region of Ukraine. Anamnesis, clinical, laboratory data and single nucleotide polymorphism sequencing of interleukin1 β (IL1β), tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα), interleukin4 (IL4), interleukin10 (IL10) and Relaxin 2 (RLN2) genes has been analyzed. link2 Receiver operating characteristic analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to PPROM predictors identification.

We have identified prognostic anamnestic (history of preterm birth), clinical (cervical insuffiency, compromised uteroplacental and fetal circulation), microbiological (vaginal dysbiosis) and hematological criteria for intra-amniotic contamination and further development of PPROM and PTB WBC>12.3×109/L, GRAN>76%, LYM<19%, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio>3.87, Kalph-Kaliph leukocyte index of intoxication (LII) >3.4, Ostrovsky LII >2.8. Also we have found that GG genotype of IL10 gene polymorphism (rs1800872) leads to a 12.5-fold and CT genotype of RLN2 gene polymorphism (rs4742076) leads to a 17.0-fold increase in risk for PPROM.

The prognostic model that we have suggested is an adequate and convenient instrument for practical medical use, which allows for assessment of PPROM probability with a 85% sensitivity and a 72% specificity.

The prognostic model that we have suggested is an adequate and convenient instrument for practical medical use, which allows for assessment of PPROM probability with a 85% sensitivity and a 72% specificity.Prematurity has been one of the greatest challenges faced by perinatal medicine for many years. The recommended therapy for women with threatened preterm labor at 24 to 34 weeks' gestation is a single course of glucocorticoids. The greatest benefits have been proven when labor occurs at least 24 hours, but no later than 7 days after steroid administration. Applied treatment is not without influence on neonates' development.

The aim of this study is to analyze the time between the administration of a course of glucocorticoids to patients with threatened preterm labor between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation and labor.

459 deliveries by patients between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation who had received betamethasone (two 12 mg doses) or dexamethasone (four 6 mg doses) were analyzed. Their indications for glucocorticoid therapy were divided into four categories the signs of threatened preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, iatrogenic prematurity and cervical incompetence. The neonates (n=530) were divided into tage of births at the recommended time after steroidotherapy (not later than 7 days) was lower than expected. The prenatal steroid therapy qualification methods, should be reanalyzed, especially when signs of preterm labor are observed.The treatment of patients with obstructive airway diseases is based on the use of inhalation preparations. Some of them, mainly including pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs), contain compressed gases - hydrofluoroalkanes, which generate carbon dioxide emissions, creating the so-called carbon footprint.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the consumption of individual active substances, the types of inhalers used and calculation of the carbon footprint of popular therapies in 2018 and 2019 in Poland.

The ratio of pMDI vs DPI (dry powder inhaler) data and the data on using long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs), shortacting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs), long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs), LAMA+LABAs, LAMA+LABA+ICSs (inhaled corticosteroids) on Polish market during 2018 and 2019 were analyzed. The carbon footprint of such therapies was counted. Then, we studied the reduction of the carbon footprint for scenario A (reducing pMDI by 50%) and scenario B (reducing pMDI by 80%) in the following steps of analysis.

The general structure of pMDI/DPI in Poland in COPD area was not changed in 2019 vs 2018. The carbon footprint is primarily created by pMDI SAMAs. In 2019 in Poland pMDI SAMAs were 1.6 mio units (the same as in 2018), which generated 33.5 kt CO2e annually, but the whole category generates 40.8 kt CO2e. Scenario A gives us a benefit of 18.8 kt CO2e reduction and scenario B brings us a benefit of 29.9 kt CO2e reduction of emissions.

Despite Poland's ratification the Kigali amendment did not affect pMDI consumption and did not reduce the carbon footprint. The lower carbon footprint of DPIs should be considered alongside other factors when choosing inhalation devices.

Despite Poland's ratification the Kigali amendment did not affect pMDI consumption and did not reduce the carbon footprint. The lower carbon footprint of DPIs should be considered alongside other factors when choosing inhalation devices.Physical exercise promotes structural heart adaptation and increased parasympathetic autonomous activity in athletes. Some reports indicate that sinus bradycardia can promote occurrence of arrhythmias in athletes.

The aim of this study was to compare the 12-lead surface ECG findings and arrhythmias/conduction disturbances detected in ambulatory ECG monitoring (AECG) between amateur athletes and healthy subject and to investigate relationship between bradycardia and arrhythmias.

Studied population included 34 athletes (29M, 5F, av. age 29±8yrs) and a control group of 34 healthy volunteers (29M, 5F, av. age 30±8yrs). 12-lead surface ECG and 24-hour AECG were performed in order to evaluate heart rate and arrhythmia/conduction disturbances in two groups.

The athletes group was characterized by lower heart rate (med.59 vs.70 bpm, p<0.001), longer PR interval (med. 174 vs. 150 msec, p=0.007) and longer QTcF interval (med. 403 vs. 395 msec, p=0.026), with no statistically difference in QRS duration (med. 99 vs. 102 msec, p=0.699). Voltage criteria of LVH were observed in 10/34 (29%) of athletes and in 1 (2.94%) healthy subject. Four athletes (12%) showed first degree AV block. Similarly to ECG findings, AECG showed lower HR values (med. 66 vs.74 bpm, p<0.001) in athletes than in healthy subjects. Sinus bradycardia (<60bpm) was observed in 26% of athletes and 0% of controls (p=0.042). Ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 62% of athletes and 50% of healthy controls (p=0.464). No difference in occurrence of APBs was observed between studied groups (88% vs. 91%). Differences between occurrence of arrhythmias in athletes with lower HR (<60bpm) compared to those with higher did not reach statistical significance (VPBs 6/9 vs. 15/25, p = 0.963; APBs 9/9 vs 21/29, p = 0.5).

Bradycardia does not promote ventricular neither atrial arrhythmias in athletes.

Bradycardia does not promote ventricular neither atrial arrhythmias in athletes.Exposition to head to foot accelerations (+Gz) on human carrying centrifuge are associated with increase in heart rate (HR). Sometimes, especially with extremely high HR values it is almost impossible to distinguish between fast sinus rhythm and supraventricular tachycardia which is essential for the safety of the subject and therefore the decision regarding break the centrifuge examination earlier.

The aim of the work was to answer the question what is the maximum physiological rise of the sinus heart rate, recorded beat to beat, during tests in the overload centrifuge, which should lead to the suspicion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?

The material tested was an electrocardiogram (ECG) digital records of 150 pilots, achieved during both GOR and ROR tests, carried out in the human centrifuge. The HR, increase of HR (ΔHR) and their changes accompanying the + Gz acceleration ware analysed.

Mean values of the parameters determined from all centrifuge exposures were HR - 105.8 beats per minutes (bpm,) ΔHR 2.5, + Gz 4.06. link3 There was no relationship between ΔHR and + Gz increase The values of ΔHR, meeting the eligibility criteria for the possible PT, were in the range 2.41 to 11.19 bpm on average 2.5 bpm.

Rapid/unexpected HR beat to beat acceleration (ΔHR) during a GOR or ROR centrifugal test, exceeding 11 beats/min, in relation to the HR rate immediately preceding it and persisting for at least 4 consecutive heart evolutions, requires the attention of the examining doctor, and ECG should be examined for paroxysmal tachycardia.

Rapid/unexpected HR beat to beat acceleration (ΔHR) during a GOR or ROR centrifugal test, exceeding 11 beats/min, in relation to the HR rate immediately preceding it and persisting for at least 4 consecutive heart evolutions, requires the attention of the examining doctor, and ECG should be examined for paroxysmal tachycardia.