Corbettaldridge6386

However, both genotypes had similar germination rates under a high-salt treatment. The two genotypes also had similar seedling survival and biomass responses to low- and high-salt treatments. Nevertheless, seedling biomass was significantly higher under low salt treatment. Soil microbial communities did not influence biomass of S. canadensis under the two salt treatments. CONCLUSIONS The results on germination rates suggest partial local adaptation to low salinity. However, there was no evidence of local adaptation to salinity at the seedling survival and growth stages. The finding that germination and seedling biomass responded to different salt treatments suggests that the two traits are important for salt tolerance. © 2020 Botanical Society of America.This prospective cross-sectional study of 1498 pregnant women in early pregnancy sought to investigate the prevalence of pregnancy intention between women of differing body mass index (BMI) categories. There was no difference in the risk of unintended pregnancy between women who were in the healthy weight, overweight or obesity BMI categories. The study identifies and highlights the potential missed opportunities for all women to engage in healthy reproductive life planning behaviours to support health in pregnancy and beyond. © 2020 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.Camouflage helps animals to hide from predators and is therefore key to survival. Although widespread convergence of animal phenotypes to their natural environment is well established, there is a lack of knowledge about how species compromise camouflage accuracy across different background types in their habitat. Here we tested how background matching has responded to top-down selection by avian and mammalian predators using Sahara-Sahel desert rodents in North Africa. We show that the fur coloration of several species has become an accurate match to different types of desert habitats. This is supported by a correlation analysis of colour and pattern metrics, investigation of animal-to-background similarities at different spatial scales, and is confirmed by modelling of two predator vision systems. The background match was closest across large (or global) spatial scales, suggesting a generalist camouflage tactic for many background types. Some species, may have a better match to the background over small (or focal) spatial scales, which could be the result of habitat choices or differential predation. Nevertheless, predicted discrimination distances of fur coloration were virtually indistinguishable for mammalian and low for avian vision model, which implies effective camouflage. Our study provides one of the best documented cases of multilevel camouflage accuracy in geographically widespread taxa. check details We conclude that background matching has become an effective and common adaptation against predatory threat in Sahara-Sahelian desert rodents. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Rate of colour change and background matching capacity are important functional traits for avoiding predation and hiding from prey. Acute changes in environmental temperature are known to impact the rate at which animals change colour, and therefore may affect their survival. Many ectotherms have the ability to acclimate performance traits such as locomotion, metabolic rate and growth rate with changes in seasonal temperature. However, it is unclear how other functional traits that are directly linked to behaviour and survival respond to long-term changes in temperature (within an individual's lifetime). We assessed whether the rate of colour change is altered by long-term changes in temperature (seasonal variation) and if rate of colour change can acclimate to seasonal thermal conditions. We used an intertidal rock-pool goby, Bathygobius cocosensis, to test this and exposed individuals to representative seasonal mean temperatures (16 ºC or 31 ºC, herein referred to cold and warm-exposed fish, respectively) fching capabilities. Stochastic changes in climate are likely to affect the frequency of predator-prey interactions which may have substantial knock-on effects throughout ecosystems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION Some studies have suggested that women may avoid further pregnancies after experiencing a pregnancy affected by a hypertensive disorder. Large population-based studies are needed to better understand the outcomes of later pregnancies among women who have a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The aims of the study were to assess outcomes of the second pregnancy and second delivery rate among women experiencing Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet count (HELLP) syndrome in first pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This population-based registry study included all women with a first delivery registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, from 1999 to 2014 (n=418 897). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for adverse outcomes of the second delivery and the probability of no second delivery among women with HELLP syndrome in first pregnancy compared to women without HELLP syndrome. We also compared outcomes in the firecond pregnancy. However, compared with unaffected women, they were still at greater risk of pregnancy complications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The classification of abnormal posture and the assessment of the affected muscles in cervical dystonia (CD) have changed in recent years. To determine the frequency of injected muscles, we studied 306 patients with CD. The mean age was 55.5 ± 13.1 years (range 21-90), 67% were female. Splenius capitis was the most commonly injected muscle (83%), followed by sternocleidomastoid (79.1%), and trapezius muscles (58.5%). The three next most common were the levator scapulae, semispinalis capitis, and obliquus capitis inferior muscles. The study shows that the most commonly injected muscles have remained unchanged over the past few decades, although the concept has changed. However, several new muscles have been added that were previously never, or hardly ever, considered.