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The structure of the beta-(1→3) and (1→6) bonds of WSY glucan were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) analysis. Our results showed that treatment with WSY glucan significantly and dose-dependently induced the production of inflammatory mediators (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO)) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6) in macrophages. In addition, WSY glucan treatment showed changes in the morphological structure of the macrophages and promoted phagocytic activity of the macrophages and wound healing in keratinocytes. Based on these results, WSY glucan is considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of diseases related to the weakening of the immune system without the limitation of insolubility.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the transmission dynamics of a fractional-order mathematical model of COVID-19 including susceptible ( S ), exposed ( E ), asymptomatic infected ( I 1 ), symptomatic infected ( I 2 ), and recovered ( R ) classes named SEI 1 I 2 R model, using the Caputo fractional derivative. Here, SEI 1 I 2 R model describes the effect of asymptomatic and symptomatic transmissions on coronavirus disease outbreak. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are studied with the help of Schaefer- and Banach-type fixed point theorems. Sensitivity analysis of the model in terms of the variance of each parameter is examined, and the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) to discuss the local stability at two equilibrium points is proposed. Using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion of stability, it is found that the disease-free equilibrium will be stable for R 0 1 and unstable otherwise. Moreover, the numerical simulations for various values of fractional-order are carried out with the help of the fractional Euler method. The numerical results show that asymptomatic transmission has a lower impact on the disease outbreak rather than symptomatic transmission. Finally, the simulated graph of total infected population by proposed model here is compared with the real data of second-wave infected population of COVID-19 outbreak in India.Platform urbanism has emerged in recent years as an area of research into the ways in which digital platforms are increasingly central to the governance, economy, experience, and understanding of the city. In the paper, we argue that platform urbanism is an evolution of the smart city, constituted by novel, digitally-enabled socio-technical assemblages that enable new forms of social, economic and political intermediation. We offer a typological framework for a better conceptualization of platform urbanism and its complex socio-economic relationships. We further outline several directions for future research on platform urbanism, specifically a.) the need to critically investigate new power geometries of corporate, legal and regulatory alignments; b.) how platform urbanism may be expressed in, and affect, cities in the Global South; c.) how it may need to be critically engaged with in regard to its development in response to emergent events such as the Covid-19 pandemic; and d.) how it may shape visions of the current and future city.Extramedullary hematopoiesis occurs in the setting of hematologic disorders or malignancies when the activity of the bone marrow is insufficient to generate blood cells. We report a unique case of adrenal extramedullary hematopoiesis diagnosed in a 16 year old female with a history of anti-Diego antibody and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. She presented with an enlarging adrenal mass and underwent surgical resection. Pathology revealed extramedullary hematopoiesis. On literature review, we identified only two prior existing cases of adrenal extramedullary hematopoiesis in pediatric patients, with no prior case reports of adrenal extramedullary hematopoiesis occurring in patients with anti-Diego antibody or in those with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia.
A 7-month-old domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of stunted growth, recurrent hypoglycaemia during the first months of its life and altered mentation. Complete blood count and biochemistry were unremarkable, except for mildly elevated serum creatinine concentration (despite low muscle mass) and concurrent isosthenuria. Hyposomatotropism was diagnosed based on persistent low circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations and a lack of response of circulating growth hormone (GH) concentration after the administration of GH-releasing hormone. Other endocrinopathies such as hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism were excluded. MRI of the brain revealed a fluid-filled empty sella tursica, consistent with a pituitary cyst and atrophy/hypoplasia of the pituitary. Echocardiography was unremarkable at the time of diagnosis of hyposomatotropism. Three months later, ovariohysterectomy revealed immature ovaries, raising the suspicion of luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency. ile self-limiting hypoglycaemia, behavioural changes and possible nephropathy.
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Community Infant and Young Child Feeding Counselling Package (C-IYCF CP) is used globally for infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counseling. With the C-IYCF CP last updated 8 y ago, mapping existing nurturing care content, identifying gaps, and documenting current country-level changes offers a unique opportunity to guide recommendations to strengthen the nurturing care content of this package.
The primary study aims were to
) identify and map existing nurturing care content within UNICEF's C-IYCF CP,
) identify gaps related to nurturing care or feeding elements within the C-IYCF CP,
) identify country-level nurturing care adaptations to the C-IYCF CP, and
) identify best practices and lessons learned from country adaptations that can be recommended for inclusion in the C-IYCF CP.
The assessment included 4 phases
) conduct an iterative process to identify and map nurturing care elements within the C-IYCF CP using a codebook explicitly developed fo can address nurturing care elements missing from UNICEF's C-IYCF CP. Sharing these practices can allow countries to make context-driven, evidence-informed decisions on the nurturing care content to prioritize.
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has complicated rigorous evaluation of public health nutrition programs. The USDA Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (USDA GusNIP) funds nutrition incentive programs to improve fruit and vegetable purchasing and intake by incentivizing Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants at the point of sale. GusNIP grantees are required to collect survey data (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake and food insecurity status) on a subset of participants. However, due to COVID-19, most GusNIP grantees faced formidable barriers to data collection. The Hunger Task Force Mobile Market (HTFMM), a Wisconsin-based 2019 GusNIP grantee, used particularly innovative methods to successfully collect these data (
>500 surveys).
The aim was to explore HTFMM's successful participant-level data-collection evaluation during COVID-19.
A single case study methodological approach framed this study. The case is the HTFMM in Milwaukee, WI, USA. Participants included Hdata. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature as to best practices and approaches to collecting participant-level data to evaluate public health nutrition programs.
These findings provide guidance on how alternative methods for data collection during COVID-19 can be used and applied to other situations that may affect the ability to collect participant-level data. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature as to best practices and approaches to collecting participant-level data to evaluate public health nutrition programs.
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) has been widely used to treat various degenerative spinal diseases. However, surgical site infection (SSI) post-PLIF is often difficult to cure. This study aimed to clarify the difference in clinical course due to the causative organism and develop a treatment strategy for SSI post-PLIF.
Between January 2011 and March 2019, 581 PLIF surgeries were performed at our hospital. Deep SSI occurred in 14 patients who were followed up for more than 2 years. Causative bacterial species were diagnosed by preoperative puncture and/or intraoperative drainage or by tissue culture in 13 patients and by intradiscal puncture in one patient who underwent conservative treatment. Of the 13 patients who underwent surgeries for infection, 10 had
(Group A; n=4) or coagulase-negative
(CNS) (Group B; n=6) as the causative bacterial species. Groups A and B were retrospectively compared in terms of age, sex, number of segments, presence of diabetes mellitus, operation time, blood loss For the treatment of deep SSI post-PLIF, POSSR was effective.
Retrospective cohort study.
Traumatic fracture dislocation of the spine injury is essentially a three column injury that optimally needs surgical intervention to decompress, stabilize and fuse the spinal column. This study evaluate the outcome of posterior and posterolateral decompression, instrumentation and 360° fusion achieved with help of locally harvested autologus morcellized grafts in traumatic fracture dislocation of thoracolumbar spine.
53 patients were included in this retrospective study. Patients aged 16-55 years, single level fracture dislocation of thoraco-lumbar spine (D5-L5) were included. Patients with multiple level fractures, coexisting degenerative diseases of spine,pathological fractures, patients presenting more than three weeks after initial trauma, patients with concomitant severe head injury that necessitated emergency surgery for the same were excluded from the study. Patients underwent posterior and posterolateral decompression, posterior instrumentation and interbody as well ocally harvested autologus grafts are sufficient to achieve 360° spinal fusion in fracture dislocation of thoracolumbar spine.
Cartilage-derived chondroprogenitors have been reported to possess the biological potential for cartilage repair. However, its inherent chondrogenic potential in pellet culture needs evaluation. In-vitro cartilage regeneration models based on pellet cultures have been employed to evaluate the chondrogenic potential of stem cells. EN460 molecular weight Evaluation of the degree of differentiation routinely involves paraffin embedding, sectioning, and immunohistochemical staining of the pellet. However, since chondrogenic differentiation is commonly non-uniform, processing random sections could lead to inaccurate conclusions. The study aimed at assessing the inherent lineage bias of chondroprogenitors with and without chondrogenic induction, using a novel whole pellet processing technique.
Human chondroprogenitors (n=3) were evaluated for MSC markers and processed in pellet cultures either with stromal medium (uninduced) or chondrogenic differentiation medium (induced) for 28 days. The whole pellets and the conventional paraffin-or cartilage repair.Conventional neuro-navigation can be challenged in targeting deep brain structures via transventricular neuroendoscopy due to unresolved geometric error following soft-tissue deformation. Current robot-assisted endoscopy techniques are fairly limited, primarily serving to planned trajectories and provide a stable scope holder. We report the implementation of a robot-assisted ventriculoscopy (RAV) system for 3D reconstruction, registration, and augmentation of the neuroendoscopic scene with intraoperative imaging, enabling guidance even in the presence of tissue deformation and providing visualization of structures beyond the endoscopic field-of-view. Phantom studies were performed to quantitatively evaluate image sampling requirements, registration accuracy, and computational runtime for two reconstruction methods and a variety of clinically relevant ventriculoscope trajectories. A median target registration error of 1.2 mm was achieved with an update rate of 2.34 frames per second, validating the RAV concept and motivating translation to future clinical studies.
