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In addition to that, the authors will be emphasizing more on novel PHAs nanocomposites synthesis strategies and their commercial applicability.In this work, a laboratory-scale alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter (A/O BF) filled with self-made steel slag media was constructed, where the integrated biological and crystalline phosphorus removal process was realized to remove phosphorus and achieve phosphorus recovery from wastewater. Phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) were successfully enriched within 30 days operation, the maximum phosphate removal efficiency was close to 80% under the optimal conditions with the anaerobic time of 34 h, HRT of 4 h and influent COD of 300 mg/L. The analysis of SEM-EDS and XRD indicated that hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals were formed inside biofilms without addition of chemical reagents. The high phosphate environment created by PAOs and the release of Ca2+ from the steel slag media might be responsible for the generation of HAP. These findings have crucial implications for the application BF technology to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater.To rapidly estimate the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of feedstocks, different multivariate regression models were established between BMP and the physicochemical indexes or near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Mixed fermentation feedstocks of corn stover and livestock manure were rapidly detected BMP in anaerobic co-digestion (co-AD). The results showed that the predicted accuracy of NIRS model based on characteristic wavelengths selected by multiple competitive adaptive reweighted sampling outperformed all regression models based on the physicochemical indexes. For the NIRS regression model, coefficient of determination, root mean squares error, relative root mean squares error, mean relative error and residual predictive deviation of the validation set were 0.982, 6.599, 2.713%, 2.333% and 7.605. The results reveal that the predicted accuracy of NIRS model is very high, and meet the requirements of rapid prediction of BMP for co-AD feedstocks in practical biogas engineering.This study reports the vermicomposting of banana crop waste biomass by Eisenia fetida. Cow dung has been used as bulking agent in this study. The experiment was conducted in six vermireactors containing different ratios of banana leaf waste biomass (BL) and cow dung (CD) for 105 days. Earthworm activity significantly reduced pH, TOC, CN and CP ratio of the wastes. Whereas macronutrients and micronutrients content increased after vermicomposting. TOC content of wastes reduced by 40-64% and CN ratio of the vermicomposts was in the range of 8.9-24.3. The benefit ratio for heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn and Cr) was in the range of 0.23-3.44. The results indicated that the growth and fecundity of the earthworms was best in the vermireactors having 20-40% BL. Finally, it was concluded that vermicomposting can be included in the overall scheme of banana crop waste management.Polymeric microspheres (MSs) and nanospheres (NSs) composed of synthetic and natural polymers can encapsulate anticancer drugs, among other therapeutics, acting as drug carriers to release them at controlled rates over long periods of time. These carriers present several potential advantages including simple preparation methods, suitable control over the sustained release of medications or stem cells, triggered release resulting from stimulus-responsive delivery, improved physical properties such as porosity and stable scaffolds for tissue engineering, and possible applications as microreactors and nanoreactors compared to conventional drug delivery systems. Moreover, many of these factors can impact drug release rates by polymeric MSs and NSs. Herein, drug delivery systems based on polymeric MSs and NSs are described and compared according to recent advances and challenges, and poignant thoughts on what the field needs to progress are presented.The use of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) continues to grow as the advantages over 1D-LC become increasingly clear in specific application areas, and the number of experienced 2D-LC users increases. As with any technique, however, there is always room for innovation that could improve the performance of 2D-LC. (S)-Glutamic acid purchase In recent years the technical aspects and potential benefits of a volume-based mode of operation were studied in detail for 1D-LC. The salient features of this approach that are immediately interesting for use in 2D-LC are two-fold. First, the ability to maintain a nominally constant pressure in the second dimension by dynamically adjusting the flow rate to compensate for changes in the viscosity of the fluid in the 2D flow path provides a means to more fully utilize the pressure capability of the pumping system, and accelerates separations in the second dimension (2D). Second, constant pressure operation minimizes physical stress on the system components and the 2D column. In this paper we discuss the aspects of volume-based operation of LC that are particularly relevant to 2D-LC systems. The proof-of-concept experiments illustrate the viability of the constant pressure mode of operation for the second dimension of 2D-LC. In the described separations the throughput improvement is on the order of 10%; this gain will be strongly application-dependent, and may be as large as several tens percent in some cases. Future work will involve a detailed investigation of the impact of the constant pressure mode on robustness of 2D separations.

IgA nephropathy is thought to be an autoimmune disease wherein galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) is recognized by IgG autoantibodies, resulting in formation and renal accumulation of nephritogenic immune complexes. Although this hypothesis is supported by recent findings that, in renal immunodeposits of IgA nephropathy patients, IgG is enriched for Gd-IgA1-specific autoantibodies, experimental proof is still lacking.

IgG isolated from sera of IgA nephropathy patients or produced as a recombinant IgG (rIgG) was mixed with human Gd-IgA1 to form immune complexes. IgG from healthy individuals served as a control. link2 Nude and SCID mice were injected with human IgG and Gd-IgA1, in immune complexes or individually, and their presence in kidneys was ascertained by immunofluorescence. Pathologic changes in the glomeruli were evaluated by quantitative morphometry and exploratory transcriptomic profiling was performed by RNA-Seq.

Immunodeficient mice injected with Gd-IgA1 mixed with IgG autoantibodies from patients with IgA nephropathy, but not Gd-IgA1 mixed with IgG from healthy individuals, displayed IgA, IgG, and mouse complement C3 glomerular deposits and mesangioproliferative glomerular injury with hematuria and proteinuria. Un-complexed Gd-IgA1 or IgG did not induce pathological changes. Moreover, Gd-IgA1-rIgG immune complexes injected into immunodeficient mice induced histopathological changes characteristic of human disease. Exploratory transcriptome profiling of mouse kidney tissues indicated that these immune complexes altered gene expression of multiple pathways, in concordance with the changes observed in kidney biopsies of patients with IgA nephropathy.

This study provides the first in vivo evidence for a pathogenic role of IgG autoantibodies specific for Gd-IgA1 in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

This study provides the first in vivo evidence for a pathogenic role of IgG autoantibodies specific for Gd-IgA1 in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Nurse educators are required to prepare graduates for the increasing complexities of the practice environment. Debate is an active teaching strategy long recognised in many disciplines to promote student-centred learning by enhancing the development of communication skills, collaboration, and critical thinking, all of which are essential skill for future nurses.

The aim of this study was to compare in-class university structured debate implementation methods among undergraduate nursing students, and to identify the effect of such debate methods in the students' learning.

A systematic review of the literature.

Publications in English identified in multiple databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Medline and ERIC) from the launch of the database until 26th November 2019.

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided the review. Studies that investigated the use of in-class debate among undergraduate nursing students as a pedagogical tool were eligible. Information re

Current studies do not provide enough evidence to understand the scope of structured debating as an instrument to develop personal competences needed in nursing. However, based on the evidence reviewed, we have identified elements to establish a debate-based learning format that might enhance student's learning and future studies.Biofuels are a type of sustainable and renewable energy. link3 However, for the economical production of bulk-volume biofuels, biosystems design is particularly challenging to achieve sufficient yield, titer, and productivity. Because of the lack of predictive modeling, high-throughput screening remains essential. Recently established biofoundries provide an emerging infrastructure to accelerate biological design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycles through the integration of robotics, synthetic biology, and informatics. In this review, we first introduce the technical advances of build and test automation in synthetic biology, focusing on the use of industry-standard microplates for DNA assembly, chassis engineering, and enzyme and strain screening. Proof-of-concept studies on prototypes of automated foundries are then discussed, for improving biomass deconstruction, metabolic conversion, and host robustness. We conclude with future challenges and opportunities in creating a flexible, versatile, and data-driven framework to support biofuel research and development in biofoundries.To realize a circular, carbon-neutral economy, it will become important to utilize the greenhouse gas CO2 as a sustainable carbon source. Carboxylases, the enzymes that capture and convert gaseous CO2 are the prime candidates to pave the way towards realizing this vision of a CO2-based bio-economy. In the last couple of years, the interest in using and engineering carboxylases has been steadily growing. Here, we discuss how basic research on the mechanism of CO2 binding and activation by carboxylases opened the way to develop new-to-nature CO2-fixing enzymes that found application in the development of synthetic CO2-fixation pathways and their further realization in vitro and in vivo. These pioneering efforts in the field pave the way to realize a diverse CO2-fixation biochemistry that can find application in biocatalysis, biotechnology, and artificial photosynthesis.

To perform a comprehensive dosimetric and clinical evaluation of the new Pinnacle Personalized automated planning system for complex head-and-neck treatments.

Fifteen consecutive head-neck patients were enrolled. Radiotherapy was prescribed using VMAT with simultaneous integrated boost strategy. Personalized planning integrates the Feasibility engine able to supply an "a priori" DVH prediction of the achievability of planning goals. Comparison between clinically accepted manually-generated (MP) and automated (AP) plans was performed using dose-volume histograms and a blinded clinical evaluation by two radiation oncologists. Planning time between MP and AP was compared. Dose accuracy was validated using the PTW Octavius-4D phantom together with the 1500 2D-array.

For similar targets coverage, AP plans reported less irradiation of healthy tissue, with significant dose reduction for spinal cord, brainstem and parotids. On average, the mean dose to parotids and maximal doses to spinal cord and brainstem were reduced by 13-15% (p<0.