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This study explored the association between diet-associated inflammation and the risk of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BrCA) in a large, population-based case-control study conducted in northwestern Iran.

The study consisted of 1007 women with histopathologically confirmed BrCA and 1004 controls admitted to hospitals in Tabriz, northwestern Iran, for nonneoplastic conditions. Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) scores, with and without supplements, were computed on the basis of dietary intake collected using a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire.

Women with the highest E-DII scores (quartile 4) versus those with the lowest E-DII scores (quartile 1) showed a significantly increased BrCA risk (odds ratio for quartile 4 vs quartile 1 [OR

], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-2.47), particularly for lobular carcinoma (OR

, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.34-7.02). Findings were similar for premenopausal women diagnosed with luminal n in invasive molecular subtypes of BrCA. Anti-inflammatory diets are suggested to prevent the risk of overall BrCA and more aggressive forms of BrCA in particular.For several years, there have been continuous reports of black flies in Mississippi with evidence of transmission of Leucocytozoon spp. This study was conducted to determine the presence and diversity of Leucocytozoon spp. in black flies captured throughout Mississippi. Thirty-three collections, consisting of 346 specimens, were made during the 2-yr period (2015-2016) at 10 locations around the state. In addition to these systematic biweekly collections, 46 specimens were taken in 10 collections at four additional sites from 2009 to 2014, as well as 388 specimens taken in 14 collections during a severe black fly outbreak during March and April of 2018. Out of 186 pooled samples, 21 samples were positive for haemosporidian DNA. Eighteen of those samples were identified as Leucocytozoon spp. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the novel sequences along with existing sequences from the MalAvi database. Results showed several of the sequences constructed in this study had high divergence from the existing sequences from the database.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a common first-line treatment for some psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety; although they are generally well tolerated, SSRIs have known adverse effects, including movement problems, sleep disruption, and gastrointestinal problems (eg, nausea and upset stomach). No large-scale studies using naturalistic, longitudinal, objective data have validated physical activity findings, and actigraphy data are well suited to address this task.

To evaluate whether differences in physical movement exist among individuals treated with SSRIs compared with control participants and to identify the unique features of the movement of patients treated with SSRIs.

This cross-sectional study examines longitudinally collected wearable movement data within a cross-sectional sample of 7162 participants from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative population-based sample of noninstitutionalized persstudy found a moderate association between passive movement and SSRI use, as well as SSRI detection capacity of passive movement using time series deep learning models. The results support the use of passive sensors for exploration and characterization of psychotropic medication adverse effects.

Identification of individual-level barriers associated with decreased activity in older age is essential to inform effective strategies for preventing the health outcomes associated with high sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity during aging.

To assess cross-sectional and prospective associations of a large set of factors with objectively assessed sedentary time and physical activity at older age.

This population-based cohort study was conducted among participants in the Whitehall II accelerometer substudy with accelerometer data assessed in 2012 to 2013. Among 4880 participants invited to the accelerometer substudy, 4006 individuals had valid accelerometer data. see more Among them, 3808 participants also had factors assessed in 1991 to 1993 (mean [SD] follow-up time, 20.3 [0.5] years), 3782 participants had factors assessed in 2002 to 2004 (mean [SD] follow-up time, 9.1 [0.3] years), and 3896 participants had factors assessed in 2012 to 2013 (mean follow up time, 0 years). Data were analyzed from Mentary time.

Historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups are generally more likely to experience sleep deficiencies. It is unclear how these sleep duration disparities have changed during recent years.

To evaluate 15-year trends in racial and ethnic differences in self-reported sleep duration among adults in the US.

This serial cross-sectional study used US population-based National Health Interview Survey data collected from 2004 to 2018. A total of 429 195 noninstitutionalized adults were included in the analysis, which was performed from July 26, 2021, to February 10, 2022.

Self-reported race, ethnicity, household income, and sex.

Temporal trends and racial and ethnic differences in short (<7 hours in 24 hours) and long (>9 hours in 24 hours) sleep duration and racial and ethnic differences in the association between sleep duration and age.

The study sample consisted of 429 195 individuals (median [IQR] age, 46 [31-60] years; 51.7% women), of whom 5.1% identified as Asian, 11.8% identified as Bies in short sleep duration appear to be highest among women, individuals who had middle or high income, and young or middle-aged adults, which may be associated with health disparities.

Among older adults, there is limited and inconsistent evidence on the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and elective and nonelective hospitalization.

To evaluate the association between SEP and all-cause and cause-specific elective and nonelective hospitalization and hospital length of stay among older men.

This population-based, prospective cohort study used data from the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project (CHAMP). CHAMP recruited 1705 men aged 70 years or older between January 28, 2005, and June 4, 2007, in Sydney, Australia. Data were analyzed from February 1 to September 30, 2021.

Indicators of SEP, including education (university degree certificate, diploma or no postschool qualifications), occupation (professionals and managers; small employers and self-employed; or lower clerical, service, sales workers, skilled, and unskilled workers), and source of income (other sources of income than government pension, reliance on government pensions and other sources of income, or relia with having at least 1 nonelective hospitalization compared with those in the highest tertiles. Significant associations were found between being in the lowest SEP groups and increased numbers and longer length of stay of nonelective hospitalizations.

In this prospective cohort study, low SEP was inversely associated with nonelective hospitalizations but not elective hospitalization in older men in Australia. These findings point to the existence of socioeconomic inequalities in health care use, indicative of a need to take action to reduce these inequalities.

In this prospective cohort study, low SEP was inversely associated with nonelective hospitalizations but not elective hospitalization in older men in Australia. These findings point to the existence of socioeconomic inequalities in health care use, indicative of a need to take action to reduce these inequalities.

Evidence on the timing of fetal growth alterations associated with gestational diabetes or on the association of the maternal glycemic trajectory with fetal growth during pregnancy remains lacking.

To examine the associations between maternal glucose levels and offspring intrauterine growth.

This cohort study used data from 4574 eligible pregnant women and their offspring in the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort collected from April 10, 2016, to April 30, 2018. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to classify fasting plasma glucose levels during pregnancy into 3 glycemic trajectories (trajectory 1, consistently normal glucose levels in all 3 trimesters; trajectory 2, hyperglycemia only in late pregnancy; and trajectory 3, hyperglycemia in all 3 trimesters [ie, consistently high glucose levels]). Statistical analysis was performed from April 25, 2020, to October 1, 2021.

Gestational diabetes, which was defined using the results of an oral glucose tolerance test.

Longitudinal fetal biometrics degnant women who received a diagnosis of gestational diabetes in midpregnancy or had hyperglycemia during all 3 trimesters showed an association with altered fetal growth patterns, including increased estimated fetal weight that appeared before 24 weeks' gestational age, increased birth weight, and the risk for large size for gestational age and macrosomia.

Standard diabetic ketoacidosis care in the US includes intravenous insulin treatment in the intensive care unit. Subcutaneous (SQ) insulin could decrease intensive care unit need, but the data are limited.

To assess outcomes after implementation of an SQ insulin protocol for treating diabetic ketoacidosis.

This cohort study is a retrospective evaluation of a prospectively implemented SQ insulin protocol. The study was conducted at an integrated health care system in Northern California. Participants included hospitalized patients with diabetic ketoacidosis at 21 hospitals between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. The preimplementation phase was 2010 to 2015, and the postimplementation phase was 2017 to 2019. Data analysis was performed from October 2020 to January 2022.

An SQ insulin treatment protocol for diabetic ketoacidosis.

Difference-in-differences evaluation of the need for intensive care, mortality, readmission, and length of stay at a single intervention site using an SQ insulin proto for diabetic ketoacidosis treatment was associated with significant decreases in intensive care unit need and readmission, with no evidence of increases in adverse events.

These findings suggest that a protocol based on SQ insulin for diabetic ketoacidosis treatment was associated with significant decreases in intensive care unit need and readmission, with no evidence of increases in adverse events.Crustacean filter feeders capture oil droplets with the use of their ramified appendages. These appendages behave as paddles or sieves, based on the system's Reynolds number. Here, we used high-speed videography, scanning electron microscopy and fluid mechanics to study the capturing mechanisms of crude oil droplets and the filtering appendage's wettability by two species of barnacles (Balanus glandula and Balanus crenatus) and of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna. Our results show that barnacle appendages behave as paddles and capture droplets in their boundary layers at low Reynolds number. At high Reynolds number, droplets are most likely to be captured via direct interception. There is an intermediate range of Reynolds number where droplets can be captured by both mechanisms at the same time. Daphnia magna captures droplets in the boundary layers of the third and fourth pair of thoracic legs with a metachronal motion of the appendages. All studied surfaces were revealed to be highly lipophobic, demonstrating captured oil droplets with high contact angles.