Cohenhardison8325

BACKGROUND The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae that is widely cultivated in Asian, European, and African countries. It blossoms in the winter and ripens in the early summer. The genome of loquat has to date not been published, which limits the study of molecular biology in this cultivated species. Here, we used the third-generation sequencing technology of Nanopore and Hi-C technology to sequence the genome of Eriobotrya. FINDINGS We generated 100.10 Gb of long reads using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technologies. Three types of Illumina high-throughput sequencing data, including genome short reads (47.42 Gb), transcriptome short reads (11.06 Gb), and Hi-C short reads (67.25 Gb), were also generated to help construct the loquat genome. All data were assembled into a 760.1-Mb genome assembly. The contigs were mapped to chromosomes by using Hi-C technology based on the contacts between contigs, and then a genome was assembled exhibiting 17 chromosomes and a scaffold N50 length of 39.7 Mb. A total of 45,743 protein-coding genes were annotated in the Eriobotrya genome, and we investigated the phylogenetic relationships between the Eriobotrya and 6 other Rosaceae species. Eriobotrya shows a close relationship with Malus and Pyrus, with the divergence time of Eriobotrya and Malus being 6.76 million years ago. Furthermore, chromosome rearrangement was found in Eriobotrya and Malus. CONCLUSIONS We constructed the first high-quality chromosome-level Eriobotrya genome using Illumina, Nanopore, and Hi-C technologies. This work provides a valuable reference genome for molecular studies of the loquat and provides new insight into chromosome evolution in this species. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.BACKGROUND Despite its high prevalence and health burden, many aspects of endometriosis remain unclear, including risk factors and the underlying biological mechanisms. Exposures during early life, including in utero, are thought to play an important role in the subsequent onset of the condition. To date, however, much of the evidence from studies on early life exposures and diagnosed endometriosis appears mixed and difficult to assess. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This study aims to provide a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence on early life factors associated with the subsequent diagnosis of endometriosis. In utero and early life exposures have previously been linked to a range of adult health outcomes, including infertility. SEARCH METHODS A systematic review of case-control, cross-sectional and cohort studies was conducted using the search terms 'endometriosis'[MeSH] AND ('risk factors'[MeSH] OR 'protective factors'[MeSH]) AND ('in utero', 'fetal', 'neonatal, 'perinatal', 'developmental origins', ' Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permission@oup.com.Background O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a specific DNA damage reversal repair protein. The influence of MGMT status on alkylating agent sensitivity in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the influence of MGMT status on the therapeutic sensitivity of alkylating agents in patients with NENs. Methods We searched PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane library public databases through 3 July 2019. The objective response rate (ORR) was the outcome data of interest. Subgroup analysis was performed according based on MGMT methylation and expression of MGMT protein. Results Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The proportion of patients with NENs that achieved an ORR after alkylating agent treatment was higher in the MGMT-deficient group than the non-deficient group (OR 5.00; 95% CI 3.04-8.22; p less then 0.001; I2 3%). Similar results were noted in the MGMT methylation and MGMT protein expression subgroups. Conclusion Patients with NENs and MGMT methylation or low protein expression had a higher ORR proportion than patients without MGMT methylation or high protein expression. The MGMT status can be used as a biological indicator of the response to alkylating agent treatment in patients with NENs. Copyright 2020 The Author(s).Feed intake is a major factor in maintaining the balance between ruminal fermentation and the microbial community of dairy cows. To explore the relationship among feed intake, microbial metabolism, and ruminal fermentation, we examined the combined signatures of the microbiome and metabolome in dairy cows with different feed intake levels. Eighteen dairy cows were allocated to high feed intake (HFI), medium feed intake (MFI), and low feed intake (LFI) groups according to their average daily feed intake (ADFI). 16S rDNA sequencing results revealed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the HFI group was significantly higher than that in the MFI and LFI groups (P less then 0.05). The ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes was significantly lower in the HFI group than in the MFI and LFI groups (P less then 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, Veillonellaceae_unclassified, and Saccharofermentants was significantly higher in the HFI group than in the LFI and MFI groups (P less thh feed intake in early-lactating cows. The candidates involved in these metabolic pathways may be useful for identifying variations in feed intake. CP21 nmr The signatures of the rumen microbiome and metabolome in dairy cows may help make decisions regarding feeding. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND In sepsis and burns, Ascorbic Acid (AA) is hypothesized advantageous during volume resuscitation. There is uncertainty regarding its safety and dosing. This study evaluated high dose AA (HDAA 66mg/kg/h for 24hrs) versus low dose AA (LDAA 3,5 g/d) administration during the first 24 hours in severely burned adults. We conducted a retrospective study comparing fluid administration before and after switching from low dose to high dose ascorbic acid in severely burned adults. METHODS Thirty-eight adults with burns > 20% TBSA, who received either HDAA or LDAA were included in this retrospective study. AA serum concentrations were quantified at 0, 24, and 72 hours post burn. HDAA impact on hemodynamics, acid-base homeostasis, acute kidney injury, vasopressor use, resuscitation fluid requirement, urinary output and the incidence of adverse effects was evaluated; secondary clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS AA plasma levels were 10-fold elevated in the LDAA and 150-fold elevated in the HDAA group at 24 hours and decreased in both groups afterwards. HDAA was not associated with a significantly increased risk of any complications. A significant reduction in colloid fluid requirements was noted (LDAA 947±1722 ml/24h vs HDAA 278±667 ml/24hr, p=0,029). Other hemodynamic and resuscitation measures, as well as secondary clinical outcomes were comparable between groups. CONCLUSION High dose AA was associated with higher AA levels and lower volumes of colloids in adults with severe burns. The rate of adverse events was not significantly higher in patients treated with HDAA. Future studies should consider prolonged administration of AA. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Circadian secretion of the incretin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), correlates with expression of the core clock gene, Bmal1, in the intestinal L-cell. Several SNARE proteins known to be circadian in pancreatic α- and β-cells are necessary for GLP-1 secretion. However, the role of the accessory SNARE, Syntaxin binding protein-1 (Stxbp1; also known as Munc18-1) in the L-cell is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether Stxbp1 is under circadian regulation in the L-cell and its role in the control of GLP-1 secretion. Stxbp1 was highly-enriched in L-cells, and STXBP1 was expressed in a sub-population of L-cells in mouse and human intestinal sections. Stxbp1 transcripts and protein displayed circadian patterns in the mGLUTag L-cell, while ChIP revealed increased interaction between BMAL1 and Stxbp1 at the peak time-point of the circadian pattern. STXBP1 recruitment to the cytosol and plasma membrane within 30 min of L-cell stimulation was also observed at this time-point. Loss of Stxbp1 in vitro and in vivo led to reduced stimulated GLP-1 secretion at the peak time-point of circadian release, and impaired GLP-1 secretion ex vivo. In conclusion, Stxbp1 is a circadian regulated exocytotic protein in the intestinal L-cell that is an essential regulatory component of GLP-1 secretion. © Endocrine Society 2020.Hot water immersion (HWI) therapy is an effective and validated treatment for a variety of marine stings. Unsupervised, however, it poses a significant risk of thermal injury. Herein, we describe our experience of iatrogenic thermal injury secondary to marine sting treatment. A five-year retrospective review of all iatrogenic thermal burns secondary to marine stings referred to the State Adult Burn Service was conducted. Nine patients were identified, all sustaining stings to the feet from estuarine cobblerfish, stonefish and stingrays. All patients continued unsupervised HWI at home and sustained thermal injury to their feet. The majority were treated conservatively with dressings and elevation. One patient required surgical debridement. Whilst heat application is an effective treatment for marine stings, further patient education is required following discharge from point of care. We recommend that first aid treatment guidelines be updated to reflect that patients are not recommended to continue scalding water immersion at home. However, if patients wish to continue HWI, water temperature should be checked manually with a thermometer or with a non-stung limb and limited to 30 minutes immersion, with 30-minute skin recovery time between. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND A high prevalence and incidence of epilepsy has been reported in onchocerciasis-endemic regions in Central and East Africa. There is compelling epidemiological evidence suggesting that this high burden is caused by onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). We hypothesized that OAE had also occured in West African onchocerciasis foci. METHODS We searched PubMed, the African Journals Online platform and grey literature for population-based epilepsy studies in West African countries. Epilepsy and onchocerciasis prevalence data were extracted. The pre-control onchocerciasis endemicity in the study sites was estimated from historical data of onchocerciasis control programmes. The prevalence of epilepsy in different sites was analysed, taking into account onchocerciasis endemicity and the duration of control. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of epilepsy in the West African study sites was 13.14 per 1000 (95% confidence interval 11.28-15.00). Higher pre-control endemicity and a shorter duration of onchocerciasis control were both associated with increased epilepsy prevalence (p less then 0.