Cochranhatcher3625

Hyperglycemia persistent until day 7 was significantly correlated with lower functional scores post-SCI. These results suggest that hyperglycemia at day 7 is correlated with greater mortality rates within the first year post-SCI. Although hyperglycemia during the hyperacute stage was not associated with neurological recovery, hyperglycemia at day 7 may adversely affect functional recovery within the first year post-SCI. Future investigations are needed to determine the optimal glycemic target in the management of patients with SCI.Soccer athletes frequently experience repetitive head impacts (RHI) during games and practices, which may affect neural integrity over time and lead to altered brain structure. Neck strength is hypothesized to limit the transfer of force to the brain and decrease the effect of RHI on brain structure. The goal of our work was to examine whether greater neck strength is associated with more intact white matter organization (WMO) in collegiate athletes exposed to RHI. Collegiate soccer (n = 17) and limited/non-contact sport (n = 39) athletes were assessed prior to their athletic seasons. Participants completed neck strength assessments using handheld dynamometry in six test positions and diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were calculated for 20 white matter (WM) regions. this website A multi-variate approach was used to examine the relationship between neck strength and diffusion measures in soccer and limited/non-contact athletes. Neck strength was positively associated with FA and negatively associated with RD across several WM regions in soccer players only. Neck strength was not significantly associated with MD or AD in either group. Greater neck strength was related to more intact WMO in athletes with high exposure to RHI, particularly in regions prone to damage from brain trauma such as the basal ganglia, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and frontoparietal WM. Future studies should examine neck strength as a factor to moderate neural outcomes in athletes with exposure to RHI.The aim of this study was to determine the association between bicycle helmet use in adults (16 years and older) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in emergency departments (EDs) in the Netherlands.The conducted research was a retrospective case-control study in patients aged 16 years and older who sustained a bicycle accident and therefore visited the EDs of participating hospitals throughout 2016. Cases were patients with TBI; controls were patients without TBI but with other trauma. Exposure was defined as helmet wearing during the accident. In total, 2133 patients were included in the study, 361 case patients and 1772 controls. Within the TBI group (cases) 3.9% of patients wore a helmet compared with 7.7% of patients in the control (non-head injury) group (odds ratio [OR] 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-0.86). No difference in helmet wearing was observed in patients who sustained accidents that involved motorized vehicles (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.29-2.83). In conclusion, adult patients (≥16 years of age) with TBI had a significantly lower odds of wearing a bicycle helmet than adult patients with other trauma, adding more evidence that wearing a bicycle helmet effectively protects against TBI.Recent studies of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) report higher conversion rates of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grades, especially for complete injuries. We examined the rate of conversion over time after complete SCI, accounting for demographic and injury characteristics. Subjects were 16 years of age and older with a complete SCI injury between 1995 and 2015, enrolled in the National SCI Database as day-1 admissions. We grouped subjects into 3-year intervals and assessed trends in conversion for the total sample and by tetraplegia (Tetra), high paraplegia (levels T1-9, HPara), and low paraplegia (levels T10-12, LPara).We used logistic regression to identify factors related to conversion such as age, sex, etiology, and level of injury. Of 2036 subjects, 1876 subjects had a follow-up examination between 30 and 730 days post-injury. Average age at injury was 34.2 ± 14.6 years; 79.8% were male, 44.6% Tetra, 35.3% HPara, and 20.1% LPara. There was a strong trend toward increased rates of conversion over time (p HPara), non-violent etiology, and age (older is better). We found similar factors for conversion to motor incomplete, except sex was significant and etiology was not. Conversion rates from complete to incomplete and motor incomplete injury have been increasing, particularly for persons with tetraplegia. This has implications for acute clinical trials and for prognostication early after SCI.Peripheral nerve injuries, associated with significant morbidity, can benefit from electrical stimulation (ES), as demonstrated in animal studies through improved axonal growth. This study combined the clinical gold standard of isograft repair in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury to evaluate the effects of intraoperative ES on functional tests and histology. Forty rats underwent a surgically induced gap injury to the right sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with an isograft. Half of these rats were randomly selected to receive 10 min of intraoperative ES. Functional testing, including response time to a heat stimulus and motor functional tests, were conducted. Histology of the sciatic nerves and gastrocnemius muscles were analyzed after 6 and 12 weeks of recovery. Rats that underwent ES treatment showed incremental improvements in motor function between weeks 2 and 12, with a significantly higher push-off response than the no-ES controls after 6 weeks. Although no differences were detected between groups in the sensory testing, significant improvements over time were noted in the ES group. Histology parameters, sciatic nerve measures, and gastrocnemius muscle weights demonstrated nerve recovery over time for both the ES and no-ES control groups. Although ES promoted improvements in motor function comparable to that in previous studies, the benefits of intraoperative ES were not detectable in other metrics of this rat model of peripheral nerve injury. Future work is needed to optimize sensory testing in the rodent injury model and compare electrical activity of collagen scaffolds to native tissue to detect differences.