Coblekaufman1862
Therapeutic benefits of immunotherapy are restricted by cancer immune-resistance mechanisms. Rediocide-A (Red-A), a natural product extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine, is a promising agent to battle against cancer which acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
To investigate the effect of Red-A on NK-cell tumouricidal activity.
NK cells were co-cultured with A549 or H1299 cells and treated with 10 or 100 nM Red-A for 24 h. Cells treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was employed as vehicle control. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity was detected by biophotonic cytotoxicity and impedance assay. Degranulation, granzyme B, NK cell-tumour cell conjugates and ligands profiling were detected by flow cytometry. Interferon-γ (IFN- γ) production was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Red-A increased NK cell-mediated lysis of A549 cells by 3.58-fold (21.86% vs. 78.27%) and H1299 cells by 1.26-fold (59.18% vs. 74.78%), compared to vehicle control. Granzyme B level was increased by 48.01% (A549 cells) and 53.26% (H1299 cells) after 100 nM Red-A treatment. INF-γ level was increased by 3.23-fold (A549 cells) and 6.77-fold (H1299 cells) after 100 nM Red-A treatment. Red-A treatment down-regulated the expression level of CD155 by 14.41% and 11.66% in A549 cells and H1299 cells, respectively, leading to the blockade of tumour immuno-resistance to NK cells.
Red-A overcomes immuno-resistance of NSCLCs to NK cells by down-regulating CD155 expression, which shows the possibility of developing checkpoint inhibitors targeting TIGIT/CD155 signalling to overcome immuno-resistance of cancer cells.
Red-A overcomes immuno-resistance of NSCLCs to NK cells by down-regulating CD155 expression, which shows the possibility of developing checkpoint inhibitors targeting TIGIT/CD155 signalling to overcome immuno-resistance of cancer cells.
The aims of this study were to assess the impact of seasonal pattern on several clinical dimensions in inpatients with a current major depressive episode and to evaluate clinical differences between unipolar and bipolar depression according to seasonal pattern.
Study participants were 300 patients affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) currently experiencing a major depressive episode (MDE) and were recruited at three University Medical Centres in Italy. All study subjects completed several evaluation scales for depressive and hypomanic symptoms, quality of life and functioning, impulsiveness, and seasonal pattern.
Several differences between BD with and without seasonal pattern, MDD with and without seasonal pattern but in particular between BD and MDD with seasonal pattern were found. Patients with MDE with seasonal pattern had more frequently received a longitudinal diagnosis of BD.
A large number of patients with BD and seasonal pattern, but also a considerable number not only related to bipolar disorder. A correct identification of seasonal patterns may lead to the implementation of personalised pharmacological treatment approaches.KEY POINTSHigh prevalence of mixed features in mood disorders with seasonal pattern, supporting the need for a dimensional approach to major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.Significant percentage of patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder had seasonal pattern.Significant percentage of patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder reported (hypo)manic symptomatology.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with failed biliary cannulation is associated with a high rate of adverse events, but the role of prophylactic antibiotics remains unclear. The primary aim was to investigate if prophylactically administered antibiotics affect the frequency of overall adverse complications in patients where biliary cannulation fails during ERCP. The secondary aim was to investigate if specific infectious complications, also were affected by the antibiotic prophylaxis.
We analysed data from 96,818 ERCPs (2006-2018), from the Swedish National Quality Registry of Cholecystectomy and ERCP (GallRiks), excluding ERCPs with successful cannulation (
= 88,743), missing data (
= 2,014), or on-going antibiotic therapy (
= 1,062).
In total 4,996 procedures were included, 2,124 received (42.5%) and 2,872 (57.5%) did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis. There were fewer overall complications in the group receiving prophylaxis (13.6% vs. 17.1%,
< .001), which corresponded to a 24% adjusted odds reduction in the multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.89). In the prophylaxis group, there was a lower overall rate of infectious complications (2.1% vs. 3.2%;
= .038; OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47-0.98) and abscesses (0.8% vs. 1.4%;
= .040; OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.31-0.96). However, no significant differences were seen in the rate of cholangitis (1.3% vs. 1.7%;
= .182; OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.46-1.18).
This national quality registry study of ERCPs with failed cannulation showed a significant reduction in overall and infectious complications when prophylactic antibiotics were administered.
This national quality registry study of ERCPs with failed cannulation showed a significant reduction in overall and infectious complications when prophylactic antibiotics were administered.Mistakes in scientific research, their origins, and the possible solutions have always been noteworthy. On the other hand, researchers in some fields have focused on cognitive biases and their interventions in thinking and information processing. In this article, by bridging between these two issues, i.e., scientific research mistakes and cognitive bias, it will be first shown that scientific research requires scientists' choices in various stages such as subject selection, data treatment, theory determination, and technological design. Then, we show the involvement of choice-supportive bias in scientific inquiry as one of the potential cognitive limitations of science. Finally, three ways are discussed to mitigate the effects of this bias in science more scores to self-criticism publications, recording of the shortcomings of the research by the researcher before publishing, and emphasizing control processes before researcher choices in scientific inquiry.Hysteroscopy and hysteroscopic myomectomy in general have low complication rates. Two patients underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy for prolapsing submucous myomas after UAE. XAV-939 The onset of prolapsing myoma occurred at varying times between completion of UAE and myomectomy, resulting in bacteremia for both patients. In Case 1, the patient recovered with intravenous antibiotic treatment. However, the patient in Case 2 had status improvement after undergoing an abdominal myomectomy, explorative laparotomy for removal of a necrotic myoma. Our two patient cases serve as a caution to clinicians regarding the rare incidence of septicemia occurring in patients undergoing hysteroscopic myomectomy with prior UAE treatment for prolapsing myomas.
An ever-increasing number of clinics are offering purportedly 'regenerative' stem-cell treatments, although cell-based therapies may not primarily act as stem cells and have shown the ability to regenerate end-target tissues in some clinical studies only. We aim to systematically review the evidence for their use in soft-tissue sports injuries of the knee.
A search for articles pertaining to the use of preparations of, or containing, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in human subjects in sports knee injuries yielded 14 relevant results for inclusion after screening 7 used cultured MSCs, 5 bone marrow concentrate (BMC), and the remaining 2 evaluated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and tenocyte-like-cells. Most studies were level 3 or lower (n=9).
There is insufficient high-quality evidence for the use of cell-based therapies that demonstrates either ligamentous or tendinous healing, meniscal volume restoration, or post-traumatic osteoarthritis amelioration/regression. Methods of cell harvesting, preparation, and application are highly heterogenous. Efforts should be directed toward standardization of protocols and their reporting, starting with more basic scientific investigations of MSCs and their niche, as well as rigorous, large clinical RCTs adhering to the reporting principles set out by recent expert consensus.
There is insufficient high-quality evidence for the use of cell-based therapies that demonstrates either ligamentous or tendinous healing, meniscal volume restoration, or post-traumatic osteoarthritis amelioration/regression. Methods of cell harvesting, preparation, and application are highly heterogenous. Efforts should be directed toward standardization of protocols and their reporting, starting with more basic scientific investigations of MSCs and their niche, as well as rigorous, large clinical RCTs adhering to the reporting principles set out by recent expert consensus.Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive form of glioma, with poor prognosis and high mortality rates. As GBM is a highly vascularized cancer, antiangiogenic therapies to halt or minimize the rate of tumor growth are critical to improving treatment. In this review, antiangiogenic therapies, including small-molecule drugs, nucleic acids and proteins and peptides, are discussed. The authors further explore biomaterials that have been utilized to increase the bioavailability and bioactivity of antiangiogenic factors for better antitumor responses in GBM. Finally, the authors summarize the current status of biomaterial-based targeting moieties that target endothelial cells in GBM to more efficiently deliver therapeutics to these cells and avoid off-target cell or organ side effects.Gap-junction channels formed by two connexin hemichannels play diverse and pivotal roles in intercellular communication and regulation. Normally hemichannels at the plasma membrane participate in autocrine and paracrine signaling, but abnormal increase in their activity can lead or contribute to various diseases. Selective inhibitors toward connexin hemichannels are of great interest. Among more than 20 identified isoforms of connexins, connexin 43 (Cx43) attracts the most interest due to its prevalence and link to cell damage in many disorders or diseases. Traditional antibacterial kanamycin decorated with hydrophobic groups yields amphiphilic kanamycins that show low cytotoxicity and prominent inhibitory effect against Cx43. This review focuses on the development of amphiphilic kanamycins as connexin hemichannel inhibitors and their future perspective.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been correlated with virus infection and immunity status. We retrospectively analyzed the association between HBV antibody and DLBCL development in HBsAg- patients. Compared with HBeAb- patients, HBeAb+ patients displayed unique clinical features. HBV antibody-negative patients had better therapeutic efficiency (p less then .05). The media progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of HBV antibody-positive group were shorter than the negative group (p less then .05). Furthermore, we found positive association between CD21 and HBsAb and their synergistic effect for prognostic predication. Interestingly, the effect of Rituximab in prognostic improvement was more significant in HBV antibody-positive group than negative group. Univariate analysis showed that HBV antibody was independent risk factor for disease prognosis. Altogether, our investigations identified for the first time the close association between HBV antibody and clinical prognosis in DLBCL patients.
