Cliffordnedergaard3390
As a result, individuals with disabilities need strong motivation to participate in sport programs and this improves them behaviourally. As their motivation for participation in sport increased, their prosocial behaviors were positively affected, and their antisocial behaviors decrease.
As a result, individuals with disabilities need strong motivation to participate in sport programs and this improves them behaviourally. As their motivation for participation in sport increased, their prosocial behaviors were positively affected, and their antisocial behaviors decrease.
The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method is frequently used for identifying many microorganisms. The present review aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP method for detection of food-borne bacteria and to compare these features with those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as an alternative molecular diagnostic procedure, and with cultivation method, as the gold standard method.
The literature was searched in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE) for recruiting publications within Jan 2000 to Jul 2021. We used the combinations of keywords including foodborne disease, LAMP, PCR, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and polymerase chain reaction. Meta-analysis was used to adjust the correlation and heterogeneity between the studies. The efficiency of the methods was presented by negative likelihood ratio, positive likelihood ratio, sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio using forest plots. A
value less than 0.05 was considered as statisAMP and PCR methods have acceptable specificities and sensitivities, and their application in clinical practice necessitates more studies.
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with prokinetic agents in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP).
A variety of databases were searched from inception to Nov 2, 2018. RCTs of mecobalamin combined with prokinetic agents group (experimental group) versus prokinetic agents only group (control group) in DGP were included. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used to perform the meta-analysis. Finally, 24 RCTs with 1,878 patients were included.
The total efficacy rate was significantly higher in the experimental group (mecobalamin combined with prokinetic drugs) compared with the control group (prokinetic drugs alone) (
<0.001), and the improvement was observed regardless of the administration route. Furthermore, the treatment group exhibited a significantly improved gastric emption rate (
<0.001), motilin (
<0.001) and recurrence rate (
<0.001), and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (
=0.49).
Mecobalamin combined with prokinetic agents can significantly improve total efficacy rate and gastric emptying rate, decrease serum motilin and the recurrence rate without increasing adverse reactions in DGP. Thus, mecobalamin may can be used as a new therapeutic option for DGP.
Mecobalamin combined with prokinetic agents can significantly improve total efficacy rate and gastric emptying rate, decrease serum motilin and the recurrence rate without increasing adverse reactions in DGP. Thus, mecobalamin may can be used as a new therapeutic option for DGP.
Provided that COVID-19 pandemic has led to mental wellbeing disorders for city dwellers, and given that there is a significant association between outdoor activities and mental health, this paper investigated how the frequency of walking during the pandemic contributes to the immediate and subsequent 'mood'.
A longitudinal data collection method was adopted to verify the 'mood' of the participants before and after walking. The survey was conducted with 100 participants in a walking path in Shiraz, Iran, on Jan 2021. The quantitative analysis methods were performed in SPSS to examine the mental wellbeing outcomes of walking in the outdoor walking path when considering the psychological impacts of the pandemic and the quantity.
The result affirms the positive contribution of walking in the improvement of mental-wellbeing-mood during the pandemic; though, such a mood boost is in a direct relationship with the quantity of the activity within a week. Moreover, other factors can play a significant role, including the 'mood before walking', and the age of the participants.
It is likely that encouraging people to consider walking as their routine activity can lead to several positive consequences on mental wellbeing since walking as a basic outdoor activity during the pandemic can contribute on the mood. .
It is likely that encouraging people to consider walking as their routine activity can lead to several positive consequences on mental wellbeing since walking as a basic outdoor activity during the pandemic can contribute on the mood. .
Close contact tracing is an essential measure that countries are applying to combat the epidemic of COVID-19. The purpose of contact tracing is to rapidly identify potentially infected individuals and prevent further spread of the disease. In this study, based on the factors affecting the COVID-19 transmission, a scoring protocol is provided for close contact tracing.
First, the factors affecting the COVID-19 transmission in close contacts were identified by a rapid review of the literature. Data were gathered by searching the Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Then, by formulating and scoring the identified factors with two sessions of the expert panel, close contact transmission risk score determined, and a protocol for contacts tracing was designed.
Close contact transmission risk depends on the contact environment characteristics, the infectivity (virus shedding) of the sentinel case, and contact characteristics. Based on these factors, the close contact transmission risk score and contact tracing protocol were prepared.
The close contact transmission risk scores will provide the ability to contact classifications and developing specific tracing strategies for them. Given that there are not any specific treatments for COVID-19 and lack of universal vaccination, applying nonpharmaceutical measures such as contact tracing along with physical distancing is very crucial. Therefore, we recommended this model to the evaluation of exposure risk and contact tracing.
The close contact transmission risk scores will provide the ability to contact classifications and developing specific tracing strategies for them. Given that there are not any specific treatments for COVID-19 and lack of universal vaccination, applying nonpharmaceutical measures such as contact tracing along with physical distancing is very crucial. Therefore, we recommended this model to the evaluation of exposure risk and contact tracing.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is alternative treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and phenolthiazine dyes such as Toluidine Blue O (TBO) have the potential role in PDT and notably affect parasites inactivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT by using TBO and a light-emitting diode (LED) in the treatment of zoonotic CL (ZCL).
The study was conducted in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018-2020. Different concentration (7.8 μg/mL up to 500 μg/mL) of TBO as a photosensitizer and a 630 nm LED light as a source of light were used for antileishmanial activity against both forms of
promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Effective concentration (EC
) and cell cytotoxicity (CC
) were calculated in both infected and non-infected J774.A1 macrophages, respectively. As well as inhibitory concentration (IC
) was quantified in
promastigotes for 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after incubation using a MTT colorimetric assay.
TBO dye in combination with the PDT significantly decreases the
promastigotes and intra-cellular amastigotes viability when compared with TBO alone. Both TBO dye in combination with the PDT and TBO alone had no toxic effects on the mice macrophages; however, it significantly killed the entered parasites inside the cells. Our results in the current study established satisfactory findings in clearing intracellular
parasites in in-vitro conditions.
TBO dye in combination with the PDT can be considered as a harmless, effective and importantly perfect treatment against
causative agent of ZCL, in an in-vitro situation without any negative toxicity to the mice macrophages.
TBO dye in combination with the PDT can be considered as a harmless, effective and importantly perfect treatment against L. major, causative agent of ZCL, in an in-vitro situation without any negative toxicity to the mice macrophages.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder that screening and timely control of this disorder can prevent the adverse effects. Regarding the high prevalence of PKU in Iran, the PKU screening program was started in Iran in 2006. This study was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of PKU screening in Iran.
An economic evaluation was performed among screened and treated individuals compared to no screening in 2013. The study population included 1356132 newborns that screened for PKU diagnosis. Lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated from the perspective of government. A discount rate of 3% was considered for both QALYs and costs. A one-way sensitivity analysis was used for assessing the robustness of the results.
The discounted lifetime cost of intervention and non-intervention were $59528953.8 and $85295501.6 respectively. Valemetostat purchase Therefore, the total estimated cost saving was $25766547.84. PKU screening produces an ICER of $1844420 per QALY gained.
Screening and early treatment for PKU is highly cost-effective. Therefore, the screening can improve quality of life of the patients and increase financial saving in health system.
Screening and early treatment for PKU is highly cost-effective. Therefore, the screening can improve quality of life of the patients and increase financial saving in health system.
Cancer with 13% of all deaths is the third leading cause of mortality in Iran. We aimed to assess the burden of cancer in Iran by acquiring data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.
This study was conducted on the DALY approach to examine the cancer burden in Iran from 1990 to 2016. A list of all cancers was extracted using the International Classification of Disease, tenth revision (ICD-10). Then, the cancer burden was assessed based on the type of cancer. The Percentage change (PC) by Daly's number and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was estimated. The cause of PC on the DALYs number from cancer was analyzed, and the share of every variable was determined.
In 2016, cancer caused 781.5 and 564 thousand DALYs for men and women, respectively. In all years, the DALYs number of cancer is higher in men than women. From 1990 to 2016, leukemia, stomach, tracheal, bronchus and lung (TBL) cancers were among the leading causes of cancer burden in Iran. The highest increase in PC of cancer DALYs from 1990 to 2016 happened by multiple myeloma with 302.4% and breast with 283.7%. The lowest increase occurred by Hodgkin lymphoma (-2.1%) and leukemia (18.2%).
Cancers have grown more than doubled in terms of DALYs from 1990 to 2016. The majority of DALYs were due to Years of Life Lost, suggesting the need for prevention, early detection, and screening programs.
Cancers have grown more than doubled in terms of DALYs from 1990 to 2016. The majority of DALYs were due to Years of Life Lost, suggesting the need for prevention, early detection, and screening programs.
