Clemmensenquinlan1865

5 h during the experiment, representing a plateau state. RESULTS The mean AA digestibility of extruded chickpea and yellow pea protein in moderately stunted children (HAZ; -2.86 to -1.2) was high and similar in both extruded test proteins (89.0% and 88.0%, respectively, P = 0.83). However, lysine and proline digestibilities were higher in extruded chickpea than yellow pea (79.2% compared with 76.5% and 75.0% compared with 72.0%, respectively, P  less then  0.02). CONCLUSION Extruded chickpea and yellow pea protein had good IAA digestibility in moderately stunted children, which was 20% higher than an earlier report of their digestibility when pressure-cooked, measured by the same method in adults. Higher digestibility of lysine and proline highlights better retention of these AA in chickpea during extrusion-based processing. Extrusion might be useful for developing high-quality protein foods from legumes. This trial was registered at www.ctri.nic.in as CTRI/2018/03/012439. Copyright © The Author(s) 2020.BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of severe pediatric respiratory illness, and vaccines are needed. Live RSV vaccine D46/NS2/N/ΔM2-2-HindIII, attenuated by deletion of the RSV RNA regulatory protein M2-2, is based on previous candidate LID/ΔM2-2, but incorporates prominent differences versus MEDI/ΔM2-2 which was more restricted in replication in Phase 1. H3B-6527 manufacturer METHODS RSV-seronegative children ages 6-24 months received one intranasal dose [105 plaque forming units (PFU)] of D46/NS2/N/ΔM2-2-HindIII (n=21) or placebo (n=11) (NCT03102034/NCT03099291) and were monitored for vaccine shedding, reactogenicity, RSV-antibody responses and RSV-associated medically-attended acute respiratory illness (RSV-MAARI) and antibody responses during the following RSV season. RESULTS All 21 vaccinees were infected with vaccine; 20 (95%) shed vaccine [median peak titers 3.5 log10 PFU/mL (immunoplaque assay); 6.1 log10 copies/mL (PCR)]. Serum RSV-neutralizing antibodies and anti-RSV F IgG increased ≥4-fold in 95% and 100%, respectively. Mild upper respiratory symptoms and/or fever occurred in vaccinees (76%) and placebo recipients (18%). Over the RSV season, RSV-MAARI occurred in 2 vaccinees and 4 placebo recipients. Three vaccinees had ≥4-fold increases in serum RSV-neutralizing antibody titers after the RSV season without RSV-MAARI. CONCLUSION D46/NS2/N/ΔM2-2-HindIII had excellent infectivity and immunogenicity, and primed for anamnestic responses, encouraging further evaluation of this attenuation strategy. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Previous studies and the concentration-dependent antibacterial actions of daptomycin suggested that a high-dose would be needed for difficult-to-treat infections in burn patients. Here we evaluated the effects of administration of low and high doses of daptomycin in patients with severe burn injuries. The study retrospectively analyzed 10 patients with severe burn injuries, using pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluations of daptomycin doses given to combat serious infections. Daptomycin was administered as a single-dose or by multiple doses intravenously at a standard-dose of 6 mg/kg/day or a high-dose of 12 mg/kg/day for 7-14 days. The serum concentrations of daptomycin from patients were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Burn injury patients treated with high-dose daptomycin had a linear PK profile and a negative correlation between the AUC0-24 and Baux score (R2 = 0.953 and R2 = 0.801). The Cmax, AUC0-24 and t(h)1/2 increased significantly compared with patients given a standard dose. The efficacy of daptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus showed significantly higher rates of (AUC0-24)/MIC and Cmax/MIC after high-dose daptomycin compared to the standard dose, reflected in a significant correlation between a high-dose and the Baux score (r = 0.976, P less then 0.001). Positive Staphylococcus aureus cultures from 2 of 3 high dose and none of 2 daptomycin low dose patients converted from positive to negative after therapy. No serious adverse events or discontinuation of the drug occurred during the treatment period. Daptomycin doses up to 12 mg/kg/day were well tolerated in Chinese patients with severe burn injuries, which were complicated by infections with Staphylococcus aureus. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association.Infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by the ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum is characterised by an early symptomless biotrophic phase followed by a destructive necrotrophic phase. The fungal genome contains 77 secondary metabolism-related biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), and their expression during the infection process is tightly regulated. Deleting CclA, a chromatin regulator involved in repression of some BGCs through H3K4 trimethylation, allowed overproduction of 3 families of terpenoids and isolation of 12 different molecules. These natural products were tested in combination with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), an elicitor of jasmonate responses, for their capacity to alter defence gene induction in Arabidopsis. Higginsianin B inhibited MeJA-triggered expression of the defence reporter VSP1pGUS, suggesting it may block bioactive JA-Ile synthesis or signalling in planta. Using the JA-Ile sensor Jas9-VENUS, we found that higginsianin B, but not three other structurally-related molecules, suppressed JA-Ile signalling by preventing degradation of JAZ proteins, the repressors of JA responses. Higginsianin B likely blocks the 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of JAZ proteins because it inhibited chymotrypsin- and caspase-like protease activities. The inhibition of target degradation by higginsianin B also extended to auxin signalling, as higginsianin B treatment reduced IAA-dependent expression of DR5pGUS. Overall, our data indicate that specific fungal secondary metabolites can act similarly to protein effectors to subvert plant immune and developmental responses. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.