Claywhitley5643

Crocin as an important constituent of saffron has antineuropathic pain properties; however, the exact mechanism of this effect is not known. The aim of this study was whether the hypoalgesic effect of crocin can be exerted through muscarinic receptors.

In the present project, 36 male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) were used. Animals randomly divided into six groups (sham, neuropathy, neuropathy + crocin, neuropathy + atropine 0.5 mg/kg, neuropathy + atropine 1 mg/kg, and neuropathy + atropine 1 mg/kg + crocin). Neuropathy was induced by the chronic constriction injury (CCI) method on the sciatic nerve. Crocin and atropine was administered intraperitoneally during 14 days following the 14

day after surgery. Pain response was detected every three days, two hours after each injection and 3 days following last injection. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were detected using the Von Frey filaments and plantar test device, respectively.

CCI significantly reduced the paw withdrawal response to mechanical and thermal stimulus (

< 0.01 and

< 0.05, respectively). Crocin therapy significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by CCI (

< 0.05). Atropine pretreatment significantly blocked the hypoalgesic effect of crocin (

< 0.05 in mechanical allodynia and

< 0.01 in thermal hyperalgesia). Tofacitinib mouse Fourteen days administration of atropine alone at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg but not 1 mg/kg significantly reduced CCI-induced mechanical allodynia at day 30 after surgery.

Crocin significantly decreased CCI-induced neuropathic pain. The hypoalgesic effect of crocin was blocked by atropine pretreatment, which indicates an important role for muscarinic receptors in the effect of crocin.

Crocin significantly decreased CCI-induced neuropathic pain. The hypoalgesic effect of crocin was blocked by atropine pretreatment, which indicates an important role for muscarinic receptors in the effect of crocin.Climate change is a serious challenge to human existence. It threatens efforts towards the attainment of sustainable development goals and aggravates conditions that lead to health inequities and inequalities for vulnerable populations. The study aimed to investigate knowledge and adaptation to climate change among people in Ghana. A nationally representative survey of Ghanaian adults (N = 674) was conducted from August 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. Results showed that 43.9% of the respondents understood the meaning of climate change. Respondents perceived the causes of climate change to include burning of fossil fuel, deforestation, natural events such as ocean currents, carbon emission from vehicles and industries, agricultural emissions of nitrous oxide from fertilizers, and an act of God. About 53.1% and 41% of the male and female respondents, respectively, had an encounter with climate change-induced natural disasters. About two out of five respondents (43%) were either afraid or confused about climate change. Distilled or maintained public drainage from waste (30.2%) and clearing drains (25.6%) was the leading adaptation strategies towards climate change-induced natural disasters. Training (30.1%), national radio (27.7%), and television (19.1%) were the preferred leading methods for receipt of global warming information. These findings provide useful insights for policy directions. The government of Ghana and other stakeholders should develop a communication strategy to increase and sustain publicity and education on climate change to the citizenry.

To evaluate the difference between GTVBT (Gross Tumor Volume at Brachytherapy) and HR CTV (High Risk Clinical Tumor Volume) delineated with DWI and T2W MRI. To evaluate doses to organs at risk and targets from plans generated using T2W and DWI.

Functional imaging with DWI can improve cervical tumor distinction as it is more sensitive than T2W MRI even in detecting parametrial invasion. This study does a dosimetric comparison between a T2W and DWI based plan.

Fifty carcinoma cervix patients were subjected to MRI based brachytherapy. T2W and a diffusion weighted sequence were acquired. Target delineation and brachytherapy planning was done on both T2W and DWI. Standard DVH parameters were recorded and the treatment was given using the plan generated from T2W images.

GTVBT and HRCTV contours on DWI were different when compared with T2W. Mean GTVBT volume on T2W and DWI was 5.25 and 5.23, respectively (p value 0.8). Mean HRCTV on T2W and DWI was 28.3 and 27 cc, respectively (p value 0.003). Planning on the above volumes resulted in a superior coverage in terms of HRCTV D90 and D100 for DWI based plan, HRCTV D90 - 735.1 and 741 cGy for T2W and DWI, respectively (p value 0.006), HRCTV D100 - 441.05 and 444.5 for T2W and DWI plans, respectively (p value = 0.006). Doses to the OAR were not significantly increased.

GEC ESTRO based contouring guidelines cover all the functionally abnormal areas on DWI. DWI should only be used as a supplement to T2W for contouring target volumes.

GEC ESTRO based contouring guidelines cover all the functionally abnormal areas on DWI. DWI should only be used as a supplement to T2W for contouring target volumes.In recent years, with the acceleration of life rhythm and the increase of social competition, the incidence of obesity and depression has been increasing, which has seriously affected the quality of life and health of people. Obesity and depression, two seemingly unrelated physical and psychological diseases, in fact, are closely related obese people are more likely to have depression than nonobese ones. We have reviewed and analyzed the relevant research literature and found that the inflammatory response plays a key role in obesity-induced depression. This article will discuss in detail the inflammatory mechanisms by which obesity induces depression.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI/RI) is the main cause of acute kidney injury. Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) are a traditional Chinese medicine. This study was aimed at exploring the role of TGP in RI/RI and its underlying mechanism of action.

Rat RI/RI models were constructed by surgical operation. Serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were used to evaluate renal function. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. RI/RI was simulated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment in renal cells

. The lncRNA XIST (XIST) expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Then, the viability and apoptosis of renal cells were detected by MTT and flow cytometry assay. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the interactions among XIST, microRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p), and ITGB1.

TGP improved renal function and inhibited inflammatory responses after RI/RI. XIST expression was highly expressed in rat RI/RI models and H/R-treated renal cells, whereas treatment with TGP downregulated the XIST expression.