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Finally, we found that HSA-Trx inhibited the urban aerosol-induced increase in levels of neutrophilic extracellular trap (NET) indicators (i.e., double-stranded DNA, citrullinated histone H3, and neutrophil elastase) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Together, these findings suggest that HSA-Trx prevents urban aerosol-induced acute lung injury by suppressing ROS production and neutrophilic inflammation. Thus, HSA-Trx may be a potential candidate drug for preventing the onset or exacerbation of lung injury caused by air pollutants.Vertical measurements of ozone (O3) within the 3000-m lower troposphere were obtained using an O3 lidar to investigate the contribution of the interactions between the transport and boundary layer processes to the surface O3 levels in urban Shanghai, China during July 23-28, 2017. An extremely severe pollution episode with a maximum hourly O3 mixing ratio of 160.4 ppb was observed. In addition to enhanced local photochemical production, both downward and advection transport in the lower troposphere may have played important roles in forming the pollution episode. selleck chemical The O3-rich air masses in the lower free troposphere primarily originated from central China and the northern Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. The downward transport of O3 from the lower free troposphere may have an average contribution of up to 49.1% to the daytime (0900-1600 local time) surface O3 in urban Shanghai during the pollution episode (July 23-26, 2017). As for the advection transport, large amounts of O3 were transported outward from Shanghai in the planetary boundary layer under the influence of southeasterly winds during the field study. In this condition, the boundary-layer O3 that was transported downward from the free troposphere in Shanghai could be transported back to the northern YRD region and accumulated therein, leading to the occurrence of severe O3 pollution events over the whole YRD region. Our results indicate that effective regional emission control measures are urgently required to mitigate O3 pollution in the YRD region.

Fostering Changes is an in-service training program for foster carers designed to enhance carer skills, coping strategies and carer-child relationships. The training program has been evaluated in a randomised controlled trial comparing Fostering Changes to usual care.

To conduct a qualitative process evaluation drawing on stakeholder perspectives to describe the logic model of Fostering Changes, identify potential mechanisms of impact of the program and enhance understanding of the trial results.

Participants were stakeholders in the Fostering Changes program delivered in Wales, UK including foster carers invited to attend the program (18 attendees, eight non-attendees), two program developers, five trainers, 12 social workers who attended or recruited to the program.

Total population sampling with qualitative data collection methods. Qualitative data were subject to thematic analysis.

A logic model summarising the program resources, activities and anticipated outcomes was generated. Implementation themes were quality of training, setting and group composition. Mechanisms of impact were identified with themes falling into two categories, group process and skills development. Potential barriers to effectiveness included a poor fit between the carer needs and the program in relation to levels of challenge being faced, age-appropriate content and responsiveness. Contextual factors were also relevant, including the existing relationship between foster carers and the agency and the perceived value of training.

Although the group aspects of the program were well received, the program itself did not help foster carers deal with more complex challenges and needed to be more targeted in terms of carers needs and circumstances.

Although the group aspects of the program were well received, the program itself did not help foster carers deal with more complex challenges and needed to be more targeted in terms of carers needs and circumstances.

This study aimed to explore and describe the lived experience of young adult heart transplant recipients in Korea.

Fifteen young adult heart transplant recipients participated in this qualitative study. Data were collected from March to August 2019 through in-depth individual interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.

Their experiences about the arduous journey of heart transplant surgery and life after surgery were captured in four themes (1) unwelcome rebirth without vitality, (2) facing unreachable ordinary tasks in life, (3) lifestyle bordering between burdensome and self-valued, and (4) finding the true meaning of a newly given life.

Young adult heart transplant recipients struggled with the burdens of their health problems, which impacted their employment and relationships. The participants' lifelong challenges and psychological turbulence identified in this study provide guidance for healthcare providers to understand this population.

Young adult heart transplant recipients struggled with the burdens of their health problems, which impacted their employment and relationships. The participants' lifelong challenges and psychological turbulence identified in this study provide guidance for healthcare providers to understand this population.

Bone biopsy is the gold standard test to diagnose renal osteodystrophy (ROD). There is a preference to perform bone biopsy during renal transplantation but tetracycline bone labelling is usually not possible. We aimed to test if histomorphometry static parameters can identify low and high bone turnover as assessed by dynamic measurement using double tetracycline labelling.

43 CKD stages 4-5D had trans-iliac bone biopsy using a 4mm Jamshidi trephine and needle after tetracycline labelling. Quantitative histomorphometry was performed using the Bioquant Osteo histomorphometry system. Normal bone turnover was defined as bone formation rate/bone surface (BFR/BS) of 18-38μm

/μm

/year. Static parameters of bone turnover included osteoblast surface/bone surface (Ob.S/BS, %), osteoclast surface/bone surface (Oc.S/BS, %) and erosion surface/bone surface (ES/BS, %). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of these static parameters for low and high bone turnover (based on BFR/BS).