Clappflood6400

The NDR effect is mainly resulted from complex effects containing the carrier injection after avalanche breakdown in the heterojunction, the reduction of the Schottky barrier height and the Joule heating effect. The large unsaturated MR effect derives from the suppression of the plasma due to avalanche breakdown by the applied magnetic field. The largest value of MR based on avalanche breakdown can reach about 530%@1 T at 10 K, and MR sensitivity can be as high as about 29.4 T-1 under 0.05 T. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.OBJECTIVE Cushing's disease (CD) may recur despite corticotropic insufficiency (CI) following pituitary surgery. Metabolism inhibitor The predictive value of the desmopressin test (DT) for recurrence in this setting remains controversial. We have evaluated whether the disappearance of the response to DT predicts a low probability recurrence in a large cohort of patients with post-operative CI Design Multicentre retrospective study Methods 95 patients with CD (women 82%, age 4114 years), responding preoperatively to DT, and with early post-operative CI (8-am cortisol30) were less likely to have CD recurrence (odds ratios 0.12, 95% confidence interval [0.03-0.41] and 0.11 [0.02-0.36], respectively). CONCLUSION The disappearance of the response to the post-operative DT was independently associated with a lower odds of CD recurrence, and offers an incremental prognostic value, which may help to stratify patients in CI, and refine their follow-up according to the risk of recurrence.OBJECTIVE Sympathoadrenal activity is decreased during overnight rest. This study assessed whether urinary free normetanephrine, metanephrine and methoxytyramine in overnight/first-morning urine collections might offer an alternative to measurements in 24-hour collections or plasma for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective multicenter cross-sectional diagnostic study involving 706 patients tested for PPGL among whom tumors were confirmed in 79 and excluded in 627 after follow-up. Another 335 age- and sex-matched volunteers were included for reference purposes. Catecholamines and their free O-methylated metabolites were measured in 24-hour collections divided according to waking and sleeping hours and normalized to creatinine. Plasma metabolites from blood sampled after supine rest were measured for comparison. RESULTS Urinary outputs of norepinephrine, normetanephrine, epinephrine and metanephrine in the reference population were respectively 50[48-52]%, 35%[32-37]%, 76[74-78]% and 15[12-17]% lower following overnight than daytime collections. Patients in whom PPGLs were excluded showed 28[26-30]% and 6[3-9]% day-to-night falls in normetanephrine and metanephrine while patients with PPGLs showed no significant day-to-night falls in metabolites. Urinary methoxytyramine was consistently unchanged from day-to-night. According to receiver-operating characteristic curves, diagnostic accuracy of metabolite measurements in overnight/first morning urine samples did not differ from measurements in 24-hour urine collections, but was lower for both than for plasma. Using optimized reference intervals, diagnostic specificity was higher for overnight than daytime collections at similar sensitivities. CONCLUSIONS Measurements of urinary free catecholamine metabolites in first morning/overnight urine collections offer an alternative for diagnosis of PPGL to 24-hour collections but remain less accurate than plasma measurements.Adolescent Internet addiction is currently one of the most common and serious publicly social problems. Understanding Internet addiction in early adolescents has become particularly important for early detection and intervention. This study examines profiles of Internet addiction among Chinese early adolescents and explores both the personal and familial correlates of Internet addiction based on a large random sample. A total of 2059 Chinese seventh-grade students were invited to complete the questionnaire, which included sociodemographic factors, family functions, and Internet addiction. The results reveal that 15.3% of the participating Chinese early adolescents were defined by Young (1998) criteria as expressing Internet addiction, in which boys were more likely to express Internet addiction than girls. Students with poor academic achievements were also more likely to fall into this addiction. Adolescents who did not live with their parents and who experienced more family conflicts and less family communication were more likely to report Internet addiction. These findings suggest that focusing on boys and academic under-performers as well as improving family environments can help early adolescents reduce their propensity to become addicted to the Internet. The effects of asbestos fibers on human immune cells have not been well documented. We have developed a continuously exposed cell line model using the human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-immortalized human T cell line MT-2. Sublines continuously exposed to chrysotile (CH) or crocidolite (CR) showed acquired resistance to asbestos-induced apoptosis following transient and high-dose re-exposure with fibers. These sublines in addition to other immune cells such as natural killer cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes exposed to asbestos showed a reduction in anti-tumor immunity. In this study, the expression of genes and molecules related to antioxidative stress was examined. Furthermore, complexes related to oxidative phosphorylation were investigated since the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important when considering the effects of asbestos in carcinogenesis and the mechanisms involved in resistance to asbestos-induced apoptosis. In sublines continuously exposed to CH or CR, the expression of thioredoxin decreased. Interestingly, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) expression was markedly enhanced. Thus, knockdown of NNT was then performed. Although the knockdown clones did not show any changes in proliferation or occurrence of apoptosis, these clones showed recovery of ROS production with returning NADPH/NADP+ ratio that increased with decreased production of ROS in continuously exposed sublines. These results indicated that NNT is a key factor in preventing ROS-induced cytotoxicity in T cells continuously exposed to asbestos. Considering that these sublines showed a reduction in anti-tumor immunity, modification of NNT may contribute to recovery of the anti-tumor effects in asbestos-exposed T cells.