Chuhowell0687

Where culture enhances genetic fitness, it is ambiguous whether what is doing the work is cultural transmission, or just the genetically evolved properties of the mind. I conclude that there are costs to trying to press culture into a template based on Darwinian evolution, even if one broadens the definition of 'Darwinian'. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of the Price equation'.Purposes/objectives This paper reports the comparative efficacies of integrative body-mind-spirit intervention (I-BMS) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patient-caregiver parallel groups for Chinese patients with lung cancer.Design Randomized controlled trial (RCT).Methods One hundred and fifty-seven patient-caregiver dyads with no marked functional impairment were randomized into one of the two interventions with eight weekly patient-caregiver parallel groups. Assessments were conducted at baseline, within one, eight- and sixteen-weeks post-intervention. Effects of treatment group across time were analyzed by multilevel modeling.Findings CBT led to greater reduction in emotional vulnerability than I-BMS. I-BMS resulted in greater increase in overall QoL and spiritual self-care, and more reduction in depression than CBT. Patients in both interventions experienced improvement in physical, emotional and spiritual, except social, domains of QoL.Conclusion I-BMS was more efficacious for diverse domains of QoL, and CBT was more effective for emotional well-being, despite the relatively small between-group effect sizes.Implications for psychosocial providers/policy (1) With the expanding repertoire of psychosocial interventions for families facing lung cancer, it has become imperative to investigate the comparative efficacies of empirically supported and culturally adapted interventions. (2) Our findings show that I-BMS was more effective for diverse domains of QoL, while CBT was more efficacious with emotional well-being, although both interventions led to significant improvements in physical, emotional and spiritual domains of patient QoL. (3) Patient-caregiver parallel groups have been shown to be effective for enhancing QoL of Chinese lung cancer patients. (4) Care professionals are encouraged to dispense interventions based on the idiosyncratic needs and preferences of the patients to maximize the treatment effects.Background South Korea faced the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak for the first time in 2015, which resulted in 186 infected patients and 39 deaths. This study investigated the level of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and turnover intention, the relationship between PTSD and turnover intention, and the buffering effect of supervisor support among nurses post-MERS outbreak. Methods In total, 300 nurses from three of 15 isolation hospitals in South Korea were invited to participate. We collected data pertaining to PTSD, turnover intention, supervisor support, work-related factors, and socio-demographic factors through a structured survey distributed to the nurses at the hospitals after the outbreak. For the statistical analyses, descriptive statistics and multiple regression were employed. Findings Of the 147 participants, 33.3% were involved in the direct care of the infected patients, whereas 66.7% were involved in the direct care of the suspected patients. More than half (57.1%) of the nurses experienced PTSD, with 25.1% experienced full PTSD and 32.0% with moderate or some level of PTSD. The mean score of turnover intention was 16.3, with the score range of 4 to 20. The multiple regression analysis revealed that PTSD was positively associated with turnover intention, and supervisor support had a strong buffering effect. Conclusion/Application to Practice These findings confirmed that after a fatal infectious disease outbreak like MERS, nurses experience high level of PTSD and show high intention to leave. Organizational strategies to help nurses to cope with stress and to prevent turnover intention, especially using supervisor support, would be beneficial.Indications for placental submission are variable. selleck products Established guidelines are largely based on expert opinion, and there is a need for more evidence-based criteria. A 10-year database of term placentas was used to evaluate indications significantly associated with placental pathology. Lesions in 5 categories were separated into high- and low-grade subgroups. Two additional high-grade lesions were also evaluated. Indications associated with high-grade placental lesions were chronic monitoring abnormalities, severe preeclampsia, pregestational diabetes, maternal signs of infection, postdates pregnancy, artificial reproductive technology, drug abuse, umbilical cord entanglements, selected gross placental abnormalities, stillbirth, Apgar 5 minutes less then 6, small-for-gestational age infant, and macrosomia. Indications for which placental findings did not differ from the population as a whole were acute monitoring abnormalities, chronic hypertension, maternal obesity, vaginal bleeding, accessory lobe/multilobed placenta, meconium-stained fluid, single umbilical artery, and borderline large-for-gestational age infant. Other indications for submission were intermediate showing significant or borderline elevations in the prevalence of low- and high-grade lesions combined. We suggest on the basis of this study that guidelines for the submission of singleton term placentas could be modified to exclude cases with clinical indications that lack a significant association with placental lesions.Cachexia is a life-threatening complication of cancer traditionally characterized by weight loss and muscle dysfunction. Cachexia, however, is a systemic disease that also involves remodeling of non-muscle organs. The liver exerts major control over systemic metabolism yet its role in cancer cachexia is not well-understood. To advance the understanding of how the liver contributes to cancer cachexia, we used quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics to identify hepatic pathways and cellular processes dysregulated in mice with moderate and severe colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia. ~300 differentially expressed proteins identified during the induction of moderate cachexia were also differentially regulated in the transition to severe cachexia. KEGG pathways enrichment revealed representation by oxidative phosphorylation, indicating altered hepatic mitochondrial function as a common feature across cachexia severity. Glycogen catabolism was also observed in cachexic livers along with decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component (Pdhx), increased lactate dehydrogenase A chain (Ldha), and increased lactate transporter Mct1.