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Although telemedicine (TM) has been available for several decades, the recent increase in its acceptance due to the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a valuable solution for the delivery of health care that provides easy, affordable, and convenient communication with urologic patients.

The objective of this study was to highlight limiting factors and provide successful practical solutions to assist urologists in incorporating and maintaining TM in their practices.

A thorough literature review was conducted utilizing PubMed, Cochrane library, clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Search terms and keywords included "telemedicine" and "urology." Only articles written or translated into the English language were included.

A total of 12 peer-reviewed articles were identified that discussed barriers for incorporation of TM in urology. Articles exclusive to the use of TM during the COVID-19 pandemic were also included, as well as American Urological Association and European Urological Association guidelines and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services statements and policies regarding TM pertinent to urological practice.

TM is currently a viable option and fills an unmet need for most practicing urologists, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering insight to the relative ease of transition to online clinical practice. OA Raheem, S Brimley, C Natale, etal. The Emerging Critical Role of Telemedicine in the Urology Clinic APractical Guide. Sex Med Rev 2021;9289-295.

TM is currently a viable option and fills an unmet need for most practicing urologists, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering insight to the relative ease of transition to online clinical practice. OA Raheem, S Brimley, C Natale, et al. The Emerging Critical Role of Telemedicine in the Urology Clinic A Practical Guide. Sex Med Rev 2021;9289-295.

Blood donors are prone to have iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine utility of serum hepcidin as an indicator of iron deficiency in blood donors.

A total of 200 voluntary, healthy blood donors were included in the study. Donors were categorized into four groups according to the donation frequency. Group I (n = 50) who donated for the first time, or those who have not donated in the past 2 years (reactivated donors). Group II (n = 50), who donated blood for the second time and had donated once in the previous 12 months. Group III (n = 50), who donated blood for third time and had donated twice in the previous 12 months. Group IV (n = 50) who donated blood for the fourth time and had donated thrice in the previous 12 months. Sera of study participants were evaluated for serum ferritin and serum hepcidin levels based on enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Serum hepcidin concentration ranged 2.36-15734 pg/mL. Serum hepcidin and serum ferritin were found to be lowest in group IV donors. When serum ferritin concentration of less than 15 ng/mL was considered as gold standard for diagnosing iron deficiency, AUCROC for serum hepcidin as a diagnostic test of iron deficiency was found to be 0.715. Serum hepcidin showed statistical significant correlation with donation frequency(p = 0 .005) and serum ferritin (p = 0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of serum hepcidin was found to be 77.8 %, 79.6 % respectively.

Effectiveness of Serum hepcidin as a diagnostic marker of iron deficiency still needs to be determined.

Effectiveness of Serum hepcidin as a diagnostic marker of iron deficiency still needs to be determined.

SARS-Coronavirus-2 pandemic has adversely affected blood supply as potential blood donors were afraid of acquiring infection in hospital settings. We aimed to compare COVID-19 seroprevalence among asymptomatic blood donors from healthcare and non-healthcare setting to analyse the difference in exposure level of each group as well as the risk of acquiring infection during the process of blood donation.

Analysis of whole blood donors tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was carried out after categorizing them into healthcare workers (HCW) and non-healthcare workers (NHCW). NHCW were further categorized into residents of containment and non-containment zones and seroprevalence analyzed. Seroprevalence among different ABO blood groups was also analyzed.

1191 blood donors were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with 9.5 % seropositivity. Significantly lower seropositivity of 3.2 % (p < 0.001) was observed among HCW as compared to 10.9 % seropositivity in NHCW. this website Among NHCW no difference in seropositivity was od donors and motivate them to donate blood without fear.Unusual Rh phenotypes such as Rhnull, D-- and Dc- etc. are rarely encountered in routine blood bank testing. The Rhnull phenotype is characterized by the absence of all Rh antigens, D-- phenotype does not express any RhCcEe antigens whereas Dc- phenotype individual lacks expression of antithetical E /e antigens. These individuals may produce multiple Rh antibodies against missing antigens. An old woman (B RhD positive) from Bangladesh with end-stage renal disease developed severe anaemia. Cross-matching with ABO and RhD compatible blood units showed +3 agglutination reaction. Detailed immunohaematological investigations showed a lack of C, E and e antigens, thus identifying the rare Rh variant as Dc-. Antibodies against C and e antigens were also detected in the patient's serum. PCR-SSP confirmed the absence of the molecular region defining the C, E and e antigens. Copy number analysis by QMPSF revealed the homozygous state of (RHCE-D(4-9)-CE) allele at the RHCE gene locus. This is the first report of the rare Dc- variant individual from the Indian subcontinent.

D3 lymph node dissection is becoming the standard procedure for the treatment of advanced right colon cancer and has shown increasing evidence of its oncologic benefit. However, a clear indication for its application is lacking and data on this topic is unsatisfactory. Thus, the necessity for D3 lymph node dissection in clinical stage I right colon cancer remains controversial.

We retrospectively analyzed data from clinical stage I right colon cancer patients who underwent radical surgery at three hospitals of Korea university medical center between January 2015 and June 2018. We compared surgical complications and short-term oncologic outcomes between D2 and D3 lymph node dissections in these patients.

Among 512 patients, 122 (23.8%) were clinical stage I. Of these, 88 and 34 patients received D2 and D3 lymph node dissection, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in clinicopathologic variables and surgical outcomes between the two groups. Upstaging occurred in 16 patients (47.