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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder and serious cause of disability. Despite considerable advances in RA management, challenges like extensive drug metabolism and rapid clearance causes poor bioavailability. Core-shell nanocarriers for co-delivery of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and budesonide against RA were developed. GA-loaded gelatin nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and coated with budesonide encapsulated aminocellulose-grafted polycaprolactone (PCL-AC). GA- and budesonide-loaded PCL-AC-gel NPs had diameter of 200-225 nm. Dual drug-loaded (DDL) NPs reduced joint swelling and erythema in rats while markedly ameliorating bone erosion evidenced by radiological analysis, suppressed collagen destruction, restored synovial tissue, bone and cartilage histoarchitecture with reduced inflammatory cells infiltration. NPs also reduced various inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS. Results of this study suggest that dual NPs exerted superior therapeutic effects in RA compared to free drugs which may be attributed to slow and sustained drug release and NPs' ability to inhibit inflammatory mediators.Osteosarcoma is the most common primary sarcoma of bone. The use of Chitooligosaccharide (COS) as a drug carrier is an emerging new strategy for cancer therapy. However, the application of COS in osteosarcoma has not been reported. Here, we investigated the influence of COS on osteosarcoma, and suggested the underlying mechanism. Initially, we obtained COS with a low-degree-polymerized (DP = 2-6) by enzymatic hydrolysis. Using these COS materials, in vitro assays showed that COS elicited the anti-tumor activity against osteosarcoma cells. We found that COS had significant effects on cell growth, metastasis inhibition, apoptosis and autophagy induction, and triggered pro-apoptosis autophagy through p53/mTOR signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, the COS also inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in an osteosarcoma xenograft model in vivo. Finally, we showed that COS could increase sensitivity to chemotherapy of cisplatin in vitro. click here Thus, we provide experimental evidence to demonstrate that COS has anti-tumor effect on osteosarcoma, and COS can be a new potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of osteosarcoma.Microbial biotransformation of CH4 gas has been attractive for the production of energy and high-value chemicals. However, insufficient supply of CH4 in a culture medium needs to be overcome for the efficient utilization of CH4. Here, we utilized cellulose nanocrystals coated with a tannic acid-Fe3+ complex (TA-Fe3+CNCs) as a medium component to enhance the gas-liquid mass-transfer performance. TA-Fe3+CNCs were well suspended in water without agglomeration, stabilized gas bubbles without coalescence, and increased the gas solubility by 20 % and the kLa value at a rapid inlet gas flow rate. Remarkably, the cell growth rate of Methylomonas sp. DH-1 as model CH4-utilizing bacteria improved with TA-Fe3+CNC concentration without any cytotoxic or antibacterial properties, resulting in higher metabolite production ability such as methanol, pyruvate, formate, and succinate. These results showed that TA-Fe3+CNCs could be utilized as a significant component in the culture medium applicable as a promising nanofluid for efficient CH4 microbial biotransformation.We aimed to develop a greener process for dry-electrospinning food-grade modified starch through the elimination of organic solvents. The rheological properties and electrospinnability of aqueous dispersions of commercial octenylsuccinylated (OS) starches with various molecular weight (Mw) were investigated, yet only nanofibers with beads or defects could be obtained from OS starch with the highest Mw, i.e., Purity Gum@ Ultra (PGU). Further improvement in the fiber morphology was achieved by adding pullulan (PUL) as a minor component in the spinning dope. Smooth, continuous, and bead-free nanofibers (147-250 nm) were obtained from the PGU-PUL dispersions. Shown on an electrospinnability map, the successful electrospinning of 12%, 15%, and 20% (w/v) aqueous PGU dispersions required a minimum addition of 6%, 5%, and 3% (w/v) of PUL, respectively. The addition of PUL contributed to establishing sufficient molecular entanglement for electrospinning. This study provides a promising green process to produce starch-based nanofibers for use in various applications, e.g., drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering.

This project set out to focus on ocular (globe) and peri-ocular trauma and to describe the spectrum of injuries seen in a busy South African trauma unit and to document their management and outcome.

During the period November 2012 to April 2020, a total of 12 115 patients were managed by the Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service (PMTS) at Greys Hospital in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Of these 2194 (11%) sustained ocular or peri-ocular injury. Of these 2194 patients, 1069 (83%) were male. 83% of injuries (n=1076) were classified as primarily blunt injury and 17% as a primarily sharp/penetrating mechanism. A substantial number of patients required a life-saving emergency intervention. These included resuscitation in 242 cases (19%) and active airway intervention was in 290 (22%). In total 919 (71%) patients required urgent surgery to the peri-ocular region. Slightly over half (55%) of these the surgery was performed by a single discipline. The rest needed procedures by two or more disciplines. Thalists or, in austere environments, a font-line medical team with a diverse skill set.

Intercostal nerve cryoablation (INCA) coupled with surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) has been shown to reduce post-operative pain scores but at what monetary cost. We hypothesize that in-hospital outcomes improve with the addition of INCA to SSRF and potential increased hospital charges are justified by patient benefits.

Multi-institutional, retrospective review of patients undergoing SSRF with and without INCA over an 8-year period. Institutions involved were Level II or higher trauma centers. Basic demographics were obtained. Patients were included if SSRF was performed during the index hospitalization. Primary outcomes included total hospital length of stay (HLOS) and HLOS after SSRF, total hospital charges (HC), HC the day of surgery and HC after surgery. Secondary outcome included total narcotic consumption in morphine milliequivalents (MME) after SSRF. Mann-Whitney U test was used for analysis. Statistical significance p<0.05.

136 patients analyzed; 92 underwent SSRF only and 44 underwent SSRF with INCA.