Chengmanning3431

BACKGROUND Fish is an essential source of nutrients for human nutrition due to the composition of proteins, vitamins, minerals, among other nutrients. Enzymatic hydrolysis represents an alternative for the use of by-products of the aquaculture industry. OBJECTIVE We propose to evaluate the effect of stirring speed, temperature, and initial protein concentration on the degree of hydrolysis of proteins and antioxidant activity of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) viscera hydrolysates. METHODS The effect of stirring speed, temperature, and initial protein concentration on the degree of hydrolysis of proteins and antioxidant activity was evaluated using an experimental design that was adjusted to a polynomial equation. The hydrolysate was fractioned to determine the antioxidant activity of the fractions, and functional properties were also measured. RESULTS Stirring speed, protein concentration, presented a statistically significant effect (p less then 0.05) on all the response variables. However, the temperature did not present a statistically significant effect on the degree of hydrolysis. The best conditions of hydrolysis were stirring speed of 51.44 rpm, a temperature of 59.15 °C, and the protein concentration of 10 g L-1 . The solubility of the hydrolysate protein was high at different pH, and the hydrolysate fraction with the highest antioxidant activity has a molecular weight less then 1 kDa. CONCLUSIONS The degree of hydrolysis and the biological activity of red tilapia viscera hydrolysates (Oreochromis spp.) are affected by temperature, substrate concentration, and stirring speed. The optimal conditions of hydrolysis allowed to obtain a hydrolysate with antioxidant activity that is due to the peptides with low molecular weight. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) liver transplantation (LT) has been limited due to the increased rate of complications, including severe cellular and antibody-mediated rejection, hepatic necrosis, hepatic artery thrombosis, and biliary complications. However, several strategies for reducing preformed anti-donor ABO antibodies and B cell desensitization have improved the outcomes of ABO-I LT. As a result, ABOI LT has become a routine procedure and is a feasible option in countries with scarce deceased-organ donation or in cases without an available compatible organ donor. In this review, we describe past and present desensitizing protocols as well as emergent therapies for depleting B cell and anti-ABO antibodies with the objective of identifying approaches that could lead to new, refined strategies for maximizing the results of ABO-I LT. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.There is evidence that mental health disorders may have roots in fetal life and are associated with deficiencies in various micronutrients, including vitamin D. During pregnancy, vitamin D homeostasis is influenced by an increase in maternal calcitriol and a substantial increase in maternal Vitamin D Binding Protein concentrations. In the early stages of life, vitamin D is necessary to mediate numerous brain processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. Furthermore, Vitamin D has a recognized anti-inflammatory activity that normally suppresses inflammation. Increased activation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and inflammatory responses during pregnancy can affect maternal health and fetal neurodevelopment during and beyond pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency and maternal stress during pregnancy, including perinatal depression, may both contribute to alter the efficacy of the immune system and modulate its activity. An association between Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and a reduction in fetal brain development has been widely described and correlated with alteration in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. To this regard, a growing body of evidence highlights that low maternal vitamin D dosage during pregnancy has been related to a significantly greater risk to develop schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses in later life. Aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of maternal vitamin D in determining the fetal origins of mental health, with some references to the link between vitamin D levels, inflammatory responses to stress and mental disorders in adult life. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Though there are many patents on silk, patents on sea silk are rare. Sea silk is one of the most coveted materials in the world, and the technology to make sea silk is at an extremely high risk of extinction. Unlike spider dragline silk and silkworm silk, this natural silk has been forgotten in the academic commune for millennia, though it has many fascinating properties high strength, remarkable adhesion, extreme lightweight, and others. METHODS Here we report that mussel-derived silk fibers can be fabricated by electrospinning. Instead of extracting proteins from byssus, we directly use the protein solution from alive blue mussels, which are intensely commercially used. Diphenhydramine The protein solution and the polyvinyl alcohol solution are mixed together to produce mussel-based silk fibers. RESULTS The mussel-based silk fibers have many special properties like high mechanical strength, remarkable super-contraction and good wetting properties. CONCLUSION The electrospinning mussel-based silk fibers have the potential for use as a replacement for the rarest sea silk and as a new bio-inspired material with multi-functions. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.During the last decade, the disclosure of systemic effects of osteocalcin (OCN) in its undercarboxylated form contributed to switch the concept of bone from a merely structural apparatus to a fully endocrine organ involved in the regulation of systemic functions. Since that time, the role of OCN as osteokine has been more and more widened appreciated and detailed by the major use of animal models, starting from the original function in the bone extracellular matrix as Gla-protein and spanning from the protective effects towards weight gain, insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, to the anabolic and metabolic roles in skeletal muscle, to the stimulating effects on the testis endocrine function and male fertility, to the most recent preservation from anxious and depressive states through a direct activity on the central nervous system. In this review, experimental data supporting the inter-organ communication roles of this protein are discussed, together with the available data supporting the consistency between experimental data obtained in animals and those reported in humans.