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Considering food safety and limitations of biorecognition elements, this study focused on the development of a novel method for predicting mercury (Hg2+) in fish and water samples using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) coupled wavenumber selection chemometric method. Herein, core-shell Au@Ag nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) were synthesized as SERS substrate, and rhodamine 6G (R6G) was used as signaling probe for Hg2+. In the presence of Hg2+, citrate ion of Au@Ag NPs induced complexation and become amalgam causes desorption of R6G occurred, resulted in decreased SERS signal intensity. check details Compared to surface Plasmon resonance method, SERS coupled genetic algorithm-partial least squares realized good correlation coefficient (0.9745 and 0.9773) in their prediction over the concentration ranges 1.0 × 102 to 1.0 × 10-3 µg/g. The recovery (88.45 - 94.73%) and precision (coefficient of variations, 3.28 - 5.76%) exhibiting satisfactory results suggested that the proposed method could be employed to predict Hg2+ in fish and water samples towards quality and safety monitoring.To investigate the impact of arabinoxylan (AX) on the physical and oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions, AX from wheat bran, corn bran, rice bran, or rye bran was incorporated into the production of whey protein isolate-stabilised emulsions. Decreased interfacial charge and increased mean particle diameters were recorded in all fresh emulsions with 0.1%-0.5% AX, as recorded by the ζ-potential and particle size measurement, indicating the adsorption of AX onto the oil droplets. No phase separation was observed in all emulsions with ≤0.3% AX after 14-day storage in dark. Spectrophotometric analysis demonstrated that all AX lowered the peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentration in emulsions, with AX from rice bran being slightly more effective. Consequently, AX has the potential to be used as a natural interfacial antioxidant in emulsions, and the antioxidant capacity of AX varies with its source.Life cycle assessment (LCA) modelling of resource-related technologies can be challenging in the context of circular economy, bioeconomy, recycling and integrated waste management, where materials are recirculated within processes and undergo chemical-physical transformations. This implies redefinition of physical flows within the LCA model. Additionally, physical flows may have non-linear responses to changes in model parameters and background processes, involve activities such as extraction of materials and chemical substances, and directly affect emissions. However, these non-linear responses and links between physical flows within technologies are often neglected. In this study, four novel LCA modelling features are provided i) mixing and/or redefinition of physical flows; ii) substance recirculation within physical flows; iii) integration of physical flows from background processes into foreground processes; and iv) (multi)-conditional sequence flows, while maintaining substance and material balances throughout the system. As an expansion of EASETECH, an existing user-friendly LCA software tool for modelling of environmental technologies, a "process editor" (EASETECH+) allows implementation of these four features into EASETECH. The modelling features are implemented into EASETECH as seven individual processes "modules" and applied in an illustrative case-study focusing on anaerobic digestion of source-segregated organic household waste. The case-study demonstrated that the new modelling approach for physical flows, including recirculation, links between flows from background to foreground processes and conditional flows, considerably affected both results and interpretation of the LCA modelling. The recommendation is that process-oriented LCA modelling as presented here can provide critical new insight into the environmental performance of waste technologies and systems.All mechanisms of clinical antibiotic resistance benefit from activities of polyspecific efflux pumps acting to reduce intracellular accumulation of toxins and antibiotics. In Gram-negative bacteria, the major polyspecific efflux transporters belong to the Resistance-Nodulation-cell Division (RND) superfamily of proteins, which are capable of expelling thousands of structurally diverse compounds. Recent structural and functional advances generated novel insights into mechanisms underlying the biochemical versatility of RND transporters. This opinion article reviews these mechanisms and discusses implications of the polyspecificity of RND transporters for bacterial survival and for the development of efflux pump inhibitors effective in clinics.Growth performance and physiological responses of feeding modified soy protein concentrate (MSPC, 72% CP) in the starter phase were investigated. A total of 1,216 d old male Ross x Ross 708 broiler chicks were placed in 32 floor pens based on BW, fed one of 4 (n = 8) corn-soybean meal-based diets formulated with 0, 7.7, 10.0 or 12.5% MSPC for 10 d and transitioned to common diets to d 42. Feed intake, BW, and mortality were measured. Samples of birds were bled on d 10 for plasma uric acid (PUA) and subsequently necropsied for organs weight and samples of pancreatic tissues for enzyme activity, jejunal tissues for enzyme activity and histomorphology and ceca digesta for microbial activity. Litter moisture was determined on d 36 and 42 and sample of birds were necropsied on d 42 for breast yield and ceca digesta sample for microbial activity. Feeding MSPC linearly (P 0.10) influenced by the diets. On d 10, MSPC linearly (P less then 0.05) reduced ceca digesta abundance of Ruminococcaceae, E. Coli, and Clostridium but increased abundance of Bifidobacterium and the ratio of Lactobacilli and E. Coli. Birds fed MSPC showed linear (P = 0.01) increase in abundance of Bifidobacterium on d 42. Feeding MSPC linearly increased ceca digesta acetic (P = 0.01) and reduced propionic (P = 0.048), and iso butyric (P = 0.003) in 10 d old broiler chicken. In conclusion, up to 12.5% MSPC inclusion in the starter phase increased growth performance through to d 42 linked to enhanced gut health through reduction of enteric pathogens.