Cheekfuttrup3564

iculum is warranted in military training programs. This NGT achieved expert consensus on the goals, objectives, educational methods, and implementation strategies for a standardized CRS curriculum in military ophthalmology residency.

A standardized CRS curriculum is warranted in military training programs. This NGT achieved expert consensus on the goals, objectives, educational methods, and implementation strategies for a standardized CRS curriculum in military ophthalmology residency.

Brain iron accumulation is a feature of Alzheimer disease (AD) but whether a chronic dietary iron overload contributes to AD induction is unknown. We previously showed that young mice fed a high iron diet did not display cognitive impairment despite the AD pathological markers in hippocampus.

We aim to compare the impact of high dietary iron on brain pathologic changes and cognitive function in young and old mice.

Male C57BL/6Jmice at 1mo and 13mo of age were fed with either a control diet (66mg Fe/kg; Young-Ctrl and Old-Ctrl) or a high iron diet (14g Fe/kg; Young-High Fe and Old-High Fe) for 7mo, and outcomes were evaluated at 8mo and 20mo of age. Iron concentrations in brain regions were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Perls's Prussian blue staining and amyloid-β (Aβ) immunostaining were performed. Protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was determined by immunoblotting. Superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde concentration were examined. Cognitive functionavoid consuming abnormally high concentrations of iron.In higher plants, whole genome duplication (WGD) is thought to facilitate the evolution of C4 photosynthesis from C3 photosynthesis. To understand this issue, we used new and existing leaf-development transcriptomes to construct two coding sequence databases for C4 Gynandropsis gynandra and C3 Tarenaya hassleriana, which shared a WGD before their divergence. We compared duplicated genes in the two species and found that the WGD contributed to four aspects of the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in G. gynandra. First, G. gynandra has retained the duplicates of ALAAT (alanine aminotransferase) and GOGAT (glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase) for nitrogen recycling to establish a photorespiratory CO2 pump in bundle sheath cells for increasing photosynthesis efficiency, suggesting that G. gynandra experienced a C3-C4 intermediate stage during the C4 evolution. Second, G. gynandra has retained almost all known vein-development-related paralogous genes derived from the WGD event, likely contributing to the high vein complexity of G. gynandra. Third, the WGD facilitated the evolution of C4 enzyme genes and their recruitment into the C4 pathway. Fourth, several genes encoding photosystem I proteins were derived from the WGD and are up-regulated in G. gynandra, likely enabling the NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex to produce extra ATPs for the C4 CO2-concentration mechanism. Thus, the WGD apparently played an enabler role in the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in G. gynandra. Importantly, an ALAAT duplicate became highly expressed in bundle sheath cells in G. gynandra, facilitating nitrogen recycling and transition to the C4 cycle. This study revealed how WDG may facilitate C4 photosynthesis evolution.The date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, has been a cornerstone of Middle Eastern and North African agriculture for millennia. It was first domesticated in the Persian Gulf, and its evolution appears to have been influenced by gene flow from two wild relatives, P. theophrasti, currently restricted to Crete and Turkey, and P. sylvestris, widespread from Bangladesh to the West Himalayas. Genomes of ancient date palm seeds show that gene flow from P. theophrasti to P. dactylifera may have occurred by ∼2,200 y ago, but traces of P. sylvestris could not be detected. We here integrate archaeogenomics of a ∼2,100-year-old P. dactylifera leaf from Saqqara (Egypt), molecular-clock dating, and coalescence approaches with population genomic tests, to probe the hybridisation between the date palm and its two closest relatives and provide minimum and maximum timestamps for its reticulated evolution. The Saqqara date palm shares close genetic ancestry with North African date palm populations, and we find clear genomic admixture from both P. theophrasti, and P. sylvestris, indicating that both had contributed to the date palm genome by 2,100 years ago. Molecular-clocks placed the divergence of P. theophrasti from P. dactylifera/P. sylvestris in the Upper Miocene and that of P. dactylifera from P. sylvestris in the earliest Quaternary. Our work highlights the ancient hybrid origin of the date palms, and prompts the investigation of the functional significance of genetic material introgressed from both close relatives, which in turn could prove useful for modern date palm breeding.

Although intake of Hass avocado has been cross-sectionally linked to lower abdominal obesity, knowledge of the effects of avocado consumption on abdominal adiposity and glycemic outcomes remains limited.

The effects of avocado consumption on abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT), and estimated β-cell function were evaluated.

A total of 105 adults aged 25-45 y (61% female) with BMI ≥25kg/m2 were randomly assigned to an intervention (N=53) that received a daily meal with 1 fresh Hass avocado or a control (N=52) that received an isocaloric meal with similar ingredients without avocado for 12 wk. see more DXA was used to assess the primary outcomes of abdominal adiposity [visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT), and the ratio of VAT to SAAT (VS Ratio)]. Fasted glucose and insulin were used to assess the primary outcomes of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and β-cell function (Insulinogenic index) were estimsh Hass avocado changed abdominal adiposity distribution among females but did not facilitate improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity or β-cell function among adults with overweight and obesity.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02740439.