Chavezallison1979

Objective Scaling, a phenomenon showing an abnormal detachment of the stratum corneum (SC) owing to desquamation dysfunction, is commonly observed in various skin diseases or xerotic skin due to aging and low humidity. Therefore, it is considered that ameliorating the disturbed desquamatory process of the SC leads to improvement in scaling. Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is known to be good for some skin diseases; however, the effect of CO2 on scaling and its mechanism are not sufficiently clear. We aimed to elucidate the effect of transepidermal application of CO2 on scaling and its mechanism of action. Methods Twenty healthy men with mild scaling on the cheeks were recruited for a double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face study. They applied the formulation containing CO2 twice daily for 1 week. After the study, the SC was collected by tape stripping to analyse desquamatory protease activities and degradation of extracellular corneodesmosomes. Furthermore, the contribution of pH to proteolysis of the corneodesmosome by CO2 was evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) cultured epidermal models. Results The spectroscopic absorbance of tape strips, used as scaling indicators, was decreased, concomitantly with the amelioration of incomplete degradation of desmoglein-1, one of the main corneodesmosomal proteins, and activation of trypsin-like protease in the SC by transepidermal application of CO2 . Experiments using 3D cultured epidermis showed that pH in the epidermal tissue was lowered by CO2 , whereas a pH change was not observed with the application of the formulation containing hydrochloric acid, which was added to equalize the pH to that of the CO2 formulation. Conclusion The transcutaneous application of CO2 ameliorates reduced desquamatory process in xerotic skin, with concomitant mild acidification of the SC, thereby leading to improvement in scaling. Thus, CO2 may have an advantage of efficiently and safely counteracting scaling of various skin disorders.We synthesized a novel tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative substituted with two phenoxy radicals on one 1,3-dithiole ring, which may have either open-shell diradical or closed-shell extended-quinoidal ground states. X-ray single crystal analysis and NMR measurements proved that this molecule has a closed-shell extended quinoidal structure both in the solid state and in solution. DFT calculations showed the donor-acceptor type electronic properties of this molecule with well-separated HOMO-LUMO distribution and a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Because of this donor-acceptor type character, this molecule gave both the dication and the dianion species by electrochemical oxidation and reduction. Furthermore, during the redox process between the neutral and the dication states, this molecule exhibited unique changes in the cyclic voltammogram by repeating the cycles or varying the scan rate. The observed electrochemical behavior was explained by the conformational changes of the electrochemically generated species, and thus indicating that this molecule is classified as a dynamic redox system.One of the most used sweeteners in the world is Sucralose. With sweetening power 600 times greater than sucrose, its use grows among those who seek to cut calories. Research shows that when heated, Sucralose generates toxic products that attack the organism and interact with DNA. Our objective was to test this sweetener under unheated conditions and at average concentrations of consumption, evaluating parameters of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. For this purpose, we made use of lymphocyte cultures and the analysis of their CD3+ , CD4+ ,and CD8+ subpopulations. In a complementary way, the mechanism of action is proposed here by computational methods. Our results showed that Sucralose reduces non-selectively the total lymphocytes due to falls in the levels of the CD4+ , CD8+ , and CD4+ CD8+ subpopulation. We observed an increase in the level of DNA damage and a gradual incidence of structural changes in the lymphocyte chromosomal sets. see more It was possible to propose that Sucralose modulate the gene expression, interfering, especially the MAPK8, APTX, and EID1 genes. This article presents the results of an evidence-based approach to the safety of human health in the use of Sucralose.Finally, this study points out that Sucralose has cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects in the concentrations and conditions tested in human lymphocyte cell culture.A normal spleen is a homogeneous, finely textured, and hyperechoic organ. The development of high-frequency transducers has enabled the examination of the structural features of the spleen. Thus, the spleen can appear mildly mottled, even in normal dogs, and this could be misinterpreted as an abnormality. The purpose of this prospective, longitudinal, descriptive study was to describe the ultrasonographic pattern of the splenic parenchyma using a high-frequency transducer in puppies. The study included nine, normal, client-owned puppies that were born healthy. Transabdominal ultrasonographic examination was performed from 4 to 60 weeks serially every 4 weeks. Ultrasonographic patterns of the spleen were graded as follows granular, mild reticulonodular, moderate reticulonodular, and marked reticulonodular pattern. The examinations were performed by one veterinary clinician, and the grades of the ultrasonographic patterns were determined by two veterinary clinicians experienced in ultrasonography, based on consensus. Differences and associations between time and the grade of the splenic parenchyma were determined using the paired t-test and scatter plots. There was a strong quadratic relationship between time and the grade of the splenic parenchyma. It was found that the splenic parenchymal patterns changed with increasing age, with a granular appearance initially at 4 weeks, followed by a reticulonodular pattern with well-defined hypoechoic nodules-most marked between 28 and 36 weeks, after which this pattern decreased until there was a homogeneous granular pattern again at 60 weeks. These findings should not be misinterpreted as being indicative of a disease in normal puppies, particularly those aged between 28 and 36 weeks.