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Rapidly ageing population leads to increased demands for long-term care. Taiwan's preparation for its ageing population focuses on engaging healthcare professionals. This study explored pre-registered nurses' current knowledge, experience in geriatric long-term care (GLTC) and willingness to serve in GLTC.

A cross-sectional survey design and a self-developed structured questionnaire were used.

A probability proportionate to size sampling strategy was used to collect data from students in junior college and bachelor of nursing science programmes in Taiwan in 2017. Multiple regression was adopted to predict significant factors that influence nursing students' willingness to serve in GLTC.

The willingness to serve in GLTC was positively correlated with their experience of living with older adults, practicum experience, taking GLTC-related courses and interest in GLTC. Willingness to serve older/disabled patients can be enhanced through school courses and practicum experiences, indicating the importance of GLTC-related courses in the training of the professional nursing workforce.

The willingness to serve in GLTC was positively correlated with their experience of living with older adults, practicum experience, taking GLTC-related courses and interest in GLTC. Willingness to serve older/disabled patients can be enhanced through school courses and practicum experiences, indicating the importance of GLTC-related courses in the training of the professional nursing workforce.Intracranial pressure (ICP) has to be maintained quite constant, because increased ICP caused by cerebrovascular disease and head trauma is fatal. Although controlling ICP is clinically critical, only few therapeutic methods are currently available. Barbiturates, a group of sedative-hypnotic drugs, are recognized as secondary treatment for controlling ICP. We proposed a novel "step-down infusion" method, administrating barbiturate (thiamylal) after different time point from the start of treatment under normothermia, at doses of 3.0 (0-24 h), 2.0 (24-48 h), 1.5 (48-72 h), and 1.0 mg/kg/h (72-96 h), and evaluated its safety and effectiveness in clinical. In 22 patients with severe traumatic brain injury or severe cerebrovascular disease (Glasgow coma scale ≤8), thiamylal concentrations and ICP were monitored. The step-down infusion method under normothermia maintained stable thiamylal concentrations (65 mmHg), and no threatening changes in serum potassium or any hemodynamic instability were observed. Our novel "step-down infusion" method under normothermia enabled to maintain stable, safe thiamylal concentrations to ensure both ICP reduction and CPP maintenance without any serious side effects, may provide a novel and clinically effective treatment option for patients with increased ICP.

The reported prevalence and risk factors for sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) show significant variation. We aimed to specifically study the prevalence and potential risk factors of SSLs in an average risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening population of Chinese subjects.

This is a case-control study of prospectively collected data from a territory-wide colorectal screening program in Hong Kong. Information on risk factors was obtained from questionnaires completed prior to screening colonoscopy. We compared subjects with SSLs against controls without these lesions to identify potential risk factors using multivariable logistic regression.

Of 12039 asymptomatic screening subjects, 6011 subjects received a screening colonoscopy with 2214 subjects (36.8%) having conventional adenomas, 486 subjects (8.1%) having hyperplastic polyps, and 85 subjects (1.4%) having SSLs only. Of these subjects, three had synchronous advanced adenomas and were excluded from the analysis. More than 60% of these lesions were in the proximal colon. We compared these 82 subjects with SSLs only and 3226 controls without any polyps. After multivariable logistic regression, age ≥66years, smoking, and diabetes mellitus (DM) were significant independent risk factors for SSLs.

In this study, we report the prevalence of SSLs to be 1.4%. Age ≥66years, smoking, and DM were independent risk factors for these lesions. Our findings provide relevant new data that should be taken into consideration when designing region-specific surveillance programs for SSLs with the ultimate goal of reducing the risk of CRC.

In this study, we report the prevalence of SSLs to be 1.4%. Age ≥ 66 years, smoking, and DM were independent risk factors for these lesions. Our findings provide relevant new data that should be taken into consideration when designing region-specific surveillance programs for SSLs with the ultimate goal of reducing the risk of CRC.The retina is part of the central nerve system (CNS) and has various interneurons and sensory neurons such as photoreceptor cells. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited condition that is characterized by photoreceptor degeneration. Herein, we developed a fluorescent probe-NeuA-for detecting retinal neuronal cells and applied NeuA to discriminate between healthy and RP retinas. The staining pattern of NeuA in the retinas of healthy and RP mouse models was examined in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo using confocal microscopy, the fluorescent fundus microscopy and optical coherent tomography (OCT). selleck kinase inhibitor NeuA strongly stained the outer segment layer of photoreceptor cells and some bipolar cells in the healthy retina, but there was only weak staining in the photoreceptor degenerated retinas. Therefore, NeuA probe can be used as the detecting RP tools in the preclinical conditions.Warming-induced mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; MPB) outbreaks have caused extensive mortality of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis; WBP) throughout the species' range. In the highest mountains where WBP occur, they cross alpine treeline ecotones (ATEs) where growth forms transition from trees to shrub-like krummholz, some of which survived recent MPB outbreaks. This observation motivated the hypothesis that ATEs are refugia for WBP because krummholz growth forms escape MPB attack and have the potential to produce viable seed. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed WBP mortality along transects from the ATE edge (locally highest krummholz WBP) downslope into the forest and, to distinguish if survival mechanisms are unique to ATEs, across other forest ecotones (OFEs) from the edge of WBP occurrence into the forest. We replicated this design at 10 randomly selected sites in the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains. We also surveyed reproduction in a subset of ATE sites. Mortality was nearly absent in upper ATEs (mean ± SE percent dead across all sites of 0.